The built environment serves as a dynamic interface through which human society and the ecosystem interact and influence each other. Understanding this interdependence is a key to understanding sus...

https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Dipanjan_Basu2/publication/273193270_Sustainability_and_geotechnical_engineering_perspectives_and_review/links/55c170fc08ae092e966844ce.pdf

Sustainability and geotechnical engineering: perspectives and review

This paper reviews the main modeling techniques for stone columns, both ordinary stone columns and geosynthetic-encased stone columns. The paper tries to encompass the more recent advances and recommendations in the topic. Regarding the geometrical model, the main options are the "unit cell", longitudinal gravel trenches in plane strain conditions, cylindrical rings of gravel in axial symmetry conditions, equivalent homogeneous soil with improved properties and three-dimensional models, either a full three-dimensional model or just a three-dimensional row or slice of columns. Some guidelines for obtaining these simplified geometrical models are provided and the particular case of groups of columns under footings is also analyzed. For the latter case, there is a column critical length that is around twice the footing width for non-encased columns in a homogeneous soft soil. In the literature, the column critical length is sometimes given as a function of the column length, which leads to some disparities in its value. Here it is shown that the column critical length mainly depends on the footing dimensions. Some other features related with column modeling are also briefly presented, such as the influence of column installation. Finally, some guidance and recommendations are provided on parameter selection for the study of stone columns.

/pdf/modeling-stone-columns-4rzqsl8l8d.pdf

Modeling Stone Columns.

Geotechnical engineers can and should take a leading role in incorporating sustainable development goals into the selection of ground improvement design alternatives and construction methods through quantitative assessment of environmental impacts. Since all valid design alternatives must meet project performance requirements, overall cost and environmental impact become two key factors in the decision process. Although methods of cost estimation are well established within geotechnical engineering, simplified methods for assessing impacts to the environment have remained a largely unfulfilled need. In this paper, life cycle analysis, embodied energy, and carbon footprinting are reviewed in the context of geotechnical ground improvement. It is proposed that estimates of life cycle embodied energy and carbon dioxide emissions may be used during the design process by geotechnical engineers to quantify some of the effects of ground improvement on the environment. The life cycle is considered to exten...

Energy and Carbon Assessment of Ground Improvement Works. I: Definitions and Background

A streamlined energy and emissions assessment model (SEEAM) is presented that is based on life cycle analysis (LCA) methods. The SEEAM provides geotechnical engineers with the means to quantify the embodied energy (EE) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions associated with ground improvement projects. A companion paper (Shillaber et al. 2015) provides detailed background for sustainable development and environmental impact assessment, which are at the foundation of the SEEAM. This paper presents the boundary conditions and methodology for this model. Construction of levee LPV 111 in New Orleans, LA is used as a case history example to illustrate the use of the model. This project involved supporting an earthen embankment by deep soil mixing (DSM) elements. Results of a SEEAM analysis of the DSM supported embankment indicate that constructing the levee involved 1,174,000 GJ of EE and 147,000 t of CO2 emissions. For comparison, the SEEAM was also used to estimate the EE and CO2 emissions associated with...

Energy and Carbon Assessment of Ground Improvement Works. II: Working Model and Example

Life cycle assessment for soil stabilization dosages: A study for the Paraguayan Chaco

Many ground improvement methods generate much less environmental impact than other deep foundation methods, for example concrete piling. Creative use of various ground improvement methods has already generated tangible benefits to completed projects, such as the Dartford Park project in the UK. The experience gained in these ground improvement projects highlights where further use of proven and emerging technology can provide still greater opportunity to reduce the environmental impact of deep foundation systems. The present study compared the environmental impact of common methods of ground improvement against more traditional deep foundation methods to show that, using a like-for-like comparison, ground improvement methods can offer sustainability advantages. Case studies illustrate how sustainable principles have been implemented in practical ways on routine projects. Perceived barriers and constraints that may hinder realisation of greater sustainability advances are identified and some suggestions as...

Demonstrating environmental benefits of ground improvement

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Demonstrating environmental benefits of ground improvement