https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3367/UFNe.2019.05.038564/pdf

Nonlinear compression of high-power laser pulses: compression after compressor approach

The PEARL laser output pulse with a duration of 60-70 fs was compressed to 11 fs after passing through a 5-mm thick silica plate and reflecting from two chirping mirrors with a total dispersion of -250 fs2. The experiments were carried out for the B-integral values up to 19 without damage of the optical elements, which indicates that small-scale self-focusing was suppressed. The results obtained show the possibility of further nonlinear compression scaling to multipetawatt power in pulses with duration commensurate with the field period.

11 fs, 1.5 PW laser with nonlinear pulse compression.

The pulse duration at the output of femtosecond lasers is usually close to the Fourier limit, and can be shortened by increasing the spectral width. To this end, use is made of self-phase modulation when a pulse propagates in a medium with cubic nonlinearity. Then, the pulse with a chirp (frequency dependence of the spectrum phase) is compressed due to a linear dispersion element, which introduces a chirp of the same modulus, but opposite in sign. This pulse post-compression, known since the 1960s, has been widely used and is being developed up to the present for pulses with energies from fractions of a nJ to tens of J. The review is devoted to the theoretical foundations of this method, problems of energy scaling, and a discussion of the results of more than 150 experimental studies.

Post-compression of femtosecond laser pulses using self-phase modulation: from kilowatts to petawatts in 40 years

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1070/QEL16417/pdf

Using self-phase modulation for temporal compression of intense femtosecond laser pulses

We report a method for ultrashort pulse reconstruction based only on the pulse spectrum and two self-phase modulated (SPM) spectra measured after pulse propagation through thin media with a Kerr nonlinearity. The advantage of this method is that it is a simple and very effective tool for characterization of complex signals. We have developed a new retrieval algorithm that was verified by reconstructing numerically generated fields, such as a complex electric field of double pulses and few-cycle pulses with noises, pedestals and dips down to zero spectral intensity, which is challenging for commonly used techniques. We have also demonstrated a single-shot implementation of the technique for the reconstruction of experimentally obtained pulses. This method can be used for high power laser systems operating in a single-shot mode in the optical, near- and mid-IR spectral ranges. The method is robust, low cost, stable to noise, does not require a priori information, and has no ambiguity related to time direction.

/pdf/single-shot-laser-pulse-reconstruction-based-on-self-phase-1bh9vdaxr6.pdf

Single-shot laser pulse reconstruction based on self-phase modulated spectra measurements

The physical reason for the difference between the small-scale self-focusing of nanosecond and femtosecond pulses is that the typical intensity of the latter is three orders of magnitude higher, i.e., TW/cm2 versus GW/cm2. This causes a significant shift of the growth-rate maximum of the Bespalov–Talanov instability to the region of high spatial frequencies. During free propagation, a decrease in the spectral density of noise and the self-filtering of the beam lead to the noise-density decrease in the region of the maximum growth rate and, therefore, slowing of the self-focusing development. This is shown to shift the restriction on using the transmissive optical elements in the superpower lasers towards high powers.

Features of the Development of the Small-Scale Self-Focusing in Superpower Femtosecond Lasers

The linear characteristics of polyethylene terephthalate, such as index of refraction, spectral transmittance and transverse distribution of phase and polarization distortions, have been measured. Spectrum broadening of laser pulses (intensity over 1.3 ТW cm−2) after propagation through a 0.7 mm thick sample has been demonstrated in experiment. Taking into consideration almost unlimited aperture, submillimeter thickness and the low cost of polyethylene terephthalate, the obtained results demonstrate that it is a prospective material to be used for spectrum broadening and subsequent time compression of petawatt laser pulses to single cycle regime (Mourou et al 2014 Single cycle thin film compressor opening the door to zeptosecond-exawatt physics Eur. Phys. J. Spec. Top. 223 1181–8).

Use of polyethylene terephthalate for temporal recompression of intense femtosecond laser pulses

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Features of the Development of the Small-Scale Self-Focusing in Superpower Femtosecond Lasers

Use of polyethylene terephthalate for temporal recompression of intense femtosecond laser pulses