Supercapacitors (SCs) are promising for bridging the power/energy gap between conventional capacitors and batteries/fuel cells However, challenges remain in the improvement of electrode materials toward high capacitive performance Electrospun nanofibers, prepared via facile and low-cost electrospinning techniques, exhibit superior electrochemical performance in SCs due to their unique morphology and intriguing properties, demonstrating great potential for improving the performance of SCs Herein, we review the recent progress in electrospun one-dimensional nanofibers as electrode materials for SCs Three categories of electrospun electrode nanomaterials (ie, carbon nanofibers, carbon nanofiber composites, and carbon-free transition metal oxides) are discussed with design and optimization strategies Moreover, critical insights into the electronic conductivity, electrochemical response and durability of electrospun nanofibers are reviewed Finally, we conclude with an outlook on how these discussions and insights open opportunities for electrospun nanofibers (as electrode materials) to expand their potential application in next-generation SCs

Recent advances in electrospun nanofibers for supercapacitors

Electrospun metal oxide-embedded carbon nanofibers have attracted considerable attention in energy storage applications for the development and fabrication of supercapacitors owing to their unique properties such as flexibility, high capacitance, large specific surface areas, and morphological and conductivity properties. Herein, a novel zirconia-based carbon nanofiber (referred to as CNF-20ZrO2) was fabricated using a simple electrospinning method and applied to a supercapacitor as the electroactive material for the first time. The optimal electrode (CNF-20ZrO2) demonstrates a high specific capacitance of 140 F/g at 1 A/g. In addition, the assembled supercapacitor delivers maximum specific energy of 4.86 Wh/kg at a specific power of 250 W/kg and shows excellent cycling stability of 82.6% after 10 000 cycles at 1 A/g. The electrochemical performance of the electrode originates from the high content of nitrogen and oxygen species, abundant electrochemical active sites, and high ionic conductivity. 

Synthesis and Application of a Self-Standing Zirconia-Based Carbon Nanofiber in a Supercapacitor

Poly(azure C)-coated CoFe Prussian blue analogue nanocubes for high-energy asymmetric supercapacitors.

A review on the recent advancement of metal-boride derived nanostructures for supercapacitors

As renewable energy is becoming a critical energy source to meet the global demand, electrochemical energy storage devices become indispensable for the efficient energy storage and reliable supply. The electrode material is the key factor determining the energy storage capacity and the power delivery of the devices. Carbon‐based materials, specifically graphite, activated carbons etc., are extensively used as for electrodes, yet their low energy densities impede the development of advanced energy storage materials. Nanoparticle decoration of the carbon structures is one of the most promising and easy‐to‐implement strategy to enhance the charge‐storage performance of carbon‐based electrodes. Decoration by nanoparticles of metals, metal oxides, nitrides, carbides, phosphides, chalcogenides, and bimetallic components lead to significant enhancements in the structural and electronic properties, pore refinement, charge‐ storage, and charge‐transfer kinetics of both pristine and doped carbon structures, thereby making their performance promising for next‐generation energy storage devices. Structuring the materials at nanoscale is another probable route for better rate performance and charge‐transfer kinetics. This review covers the state‐of‐art nanoparticle decorated nanocarbons as materials for battery anode, metal‐ion capacitor anode, and supercapacitor electrode. A critical analysis of the elemental composition, structure, associated physico‐chemical properties and performance relationships of nanoparticle‐decorated nanocarbon electrodes is provided as well to inform the future development of the next generation of advanced energy storage materials and devices.

Nanoparticle-enhanced Multifunctional Nanocarbons as Metal-ion Battery and Capacitor Anodes and Supercapacitor Electrodes -- Review

In this paper, we proposed the synthesis of CoFe nanoparticles (NPs) which have been deposited on carbon nanofibers (CNFs) with a facile electrospinning route followed by thermal reduction. The performance of obtained CNF supercapacitors are improved from 51 to 190 F/g (247 mF/cm2) at 0.5 A/g with the combination of CoFe NPs and graphitized carbon layers The device possessed an energy and power density of 6.6 Wh/kg and 125 W/kg, respectively. Furthermore, the capacitance retention can still maintain about 96.6% after 10,000 cycle test and it is worth noting that the cycling stability is ultrahigh. This research proves that bimetallic nanoparticles embedded in CNFs can elucidate new insights into the development new nanofiber electrode materials for the next generation of symmetric supercapacitors.

CoFe Nanoparticles in Carbon Nanofibers as an Electrode for Ultra-Stable Supercapacitor

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CoFe Nanoparticles in Carbon Nanofibers as an Electrode for Ultra-Stable Supercapacitor