Aircraft wings are a compromise that allows the aircraft to fly at a range of flight conditions, but the performance at each condition is sub-optimal. The ability of a wing surface to change its geometry during flight has interested researchers and designers over the years as this reduces the design compromises required. Morphing is the short form for metamorphose; however, there is neither an exact definition nor an agreement between the researchers about the type or the extent of the geometrical changes necessary to qualify an aircraft for the title ‘shape morphing.’ Geometrical parameters that can be affected by morphing solutions can be categorized into: planform alteration (span, sweep, and chord), out-of-plane transformation (twist, dihedral/gull, and span-wise bending), and airfoil adjustment (camber and thickness). Changing the wing shape or geometry is not new. Historically, morphing solutions always led to penalties in terms of cost, complexity, or weight, although in certain circumstances, thes...

A Review of Morphing Aircraft

Equivalent models of corrugated panels

http://michael.friswell.com/PDF_Files/C348.pdf

Morphing aircraft: the need for a new design philosophy

Recent developments in the aeroelasticity of morphing aircraft

Optimal computing budget allocation for the vector evaluated genetic algorithm in multi-objective simulation optimization

28th Congress of the International Council of the Aeronautical Sciences 2012, ICAS 2012

Advanced studies have been undertaken using Multidisciplinary Design Optimization (MDO) on the retrofitting of an outboard morphing wing system to an existing conventionally designed commercial passenger jet. Initial studies focusing on the single objective of specific air range improvement for a number of flight phases revealed increases of approximately 4-5% over the baseline aircraft with wing fences across each case. This validated the advantage of re-optimizing the geometric schedules for off-design conditions in comparison with fixed winglets, for which negative effects were observed. Due to the high number of design sensitivities of the outboard wing geometry it has now become necessary to conduct refined studies to analyse the effects of the wing system on additional operational performance metrics, such as take-off, initial climb, approach-climb and landing performance parameters, in order to ascertain a truly holistic representation of the benefits of morphing wing technology. In addition, further effort has been expended to couple the effects of each phase within a multiobjective framework. Thus, refined studies have been performed, incorporating a number of multiobjective optimization methods into a high-end, low fidelity aero-structural-control analysis together with a full engine model and integrated operational performance algorithm. Furthermore, updated aeroelastic functionality and improved aero-structural wing sizing allows for investigation of C-wing configurations. Results reveal the potential for significant field length reductions and climb performance enhancements, while maintaining improvements in cruise performance throughout the entire flight envelope and across multiple stage lengths.

/pdf/multi-objective-optimization-for-the-multiphase-design-of-42nlzhysm5.pdf

Multi-objective optimization for the multiphase design of active polymorphing wings

Multidisciplinary Design Optimization (MDO) has been performed on the retrofitting of a morphing wing system to an existing conventionally designed commercial passenger jet. Refined studies have been undertaken in order to confirm initial findings using high-end, low-fidelity aero-structural analysis together with a full engine model and integrated operational performance algorithm

Multidisciplinary design optimization of an active nonplanar polymorphing wing

An advanced computational and experimental analysis has been performed upon a conventional aircraft wing with two outboard morphing partitions that are variable in twist and dihedral angles. Results are generated with the intention of drawing meaningful comparisons with initial trends in aerodynamic and structural efficiency that have been observed in previous optimization studies. Computational results are obtained with the DLR, German Aerospace Center TAU computational fluid dynamics code, both for an aircraft wing in high-speed flight and for a wing modeled at low speed with wind-tunnel wall constraints. An experimental testing has been performed at the University of Bristol 7×5  ft low-speed wind tunnel. An outer-twist variation of ±3  deg and dihedral angles from planar up to 90 deg C-wing geometries are tested for a range of incidence angles. Results demonstrate varying levels of agreement between each form of analysis method, and offer insight into the aerodynamic and structural tradeoff required t...

Computational and Experimental Validation of the Active Morphing Wing

7th AIAA Multidisciplinary Design Optimization Specialist Conference

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