Energy budgeting for designing sustainable and environmentally clean/safer cropping systems for rainfed rice fallow lands in India.

The multifunctional uses of oats include forage, fodder, straw for bedding, hay, haylage, silage chaff, human food; most commonly, they are rolled or crushed into oatmeal, or ground into fine oat flour. Oatmeal is chiefly eaten as porridge, but may also be used in a variety of baked goods, such as oatcakes, oatmeal cookies, oat bread and raw material for food, health care and cosmetic products. The major components of oats that contribute to its function include β-glucan, protein, oil, and starch. The minor protein of oat is a prolamine, avenin. In addition there are minor components, including tocols and avenanthramides that have antioxidant properties and may contribute to human health and well being. Here we review the progress made in oats and highlight the potential and future prospects.

	Key words: Fodder, forage, food, β-glucan, protein, tocols, avenanthramides, health.

/pdf/a-review-on-oat-avena-sativa-l-as-a-dual-purpose-crop-5gaugzsnd8.pdf

A review on Oat (Avena sativa L.) as a dual-purpose crop

The current scenario emphasizes strongly on environmentally benign and unassailable energy storage technology for sustainability. Even though several such devices are known, Lithium ion battery (LIB) technology has primarily dominated the field of energy storage. Despite the myriad of well-known advantages of LIBs there remain several performance imitations such as low power density especially at high rates, safety issues due to thermal runway and associated problems, high cost due to resource limitations. Magnesium ion batteries (MIBs) have since emerged as one of the promising battery technologies due to their low cost and environmentally acceptable nature that can potentially pave the way for large grid scale productions. Unlike lithium metal, Mg has a very little tendency to form dendrites that cause eventual short-circuit and concomitant safety issues. MIBs have been reported to possess a volumetric capacity of 3833 mAh cc−1, which is nearly twice the amount for LIBs (2046 mAh cc−1). In addition, the bivalency, abundance, light weight, and chemical stability makes these battery systems very attractive. The target of this review is focused on synthetic methods for the enhancement and subsequent commercialization of MIBs. Herein, a detailed review of chemistry, structure and performance of MIB-based anodes, cathodes, electrolytes, separators and binders is surveyed along with the future perspectives. 

Prospects for magnesium ion batteries: A compreshensive materials review

The bulbous vegetable onion Allium cepa Var. aggregatum L. (2n=16) is the most important species of Allium group and is regarded as the single most important vegetable spices as it forms an indispensable part of many diets, both vegetarian and non-vegetarian. Onion is valued for its bulbs having characteristic odour, flavor and pungency. Onion is regarded as a highly export oriented crop and earns a valuable foreign exchange for the country. Weeds are of great menace as they interfere with production of crop and add to the cost of cultivation. The reduction in crop yield has direct correlation with weed competition. Onion exhibits greater susceptibility to weed competition as compared to other crops due to its inherent characteristics such as their slow growth, small stature, shallow roots and lack of dense foliage. The effective weed control involves identification of weed flora, method of weed control and judicious combination of effective weed control methods. Hand weeding in onion is a common practice in India, but it is a tedious, expensive and time consuming task due to closer spacing and shallow root system. Non-availability of labourers during critical period of crop makes hand weeding difficult leading to heavy yield losses. Spraying of pre-emergence herbicides keeps the crop in weed free conditions during the early stages. At later stage, second flush of weeds will affect the bulb formation. Hand weeding helps to keep the weed population below economic threshold level throughout the crop growth period. Pre-emergence combined with hand weeding may be costly because of the reduced labour availability and higher labour cost. After bulb formation manual or mechanical methods of weed control will damage the bulb. Application of early post emergence may be helpful to reduce damage to the bulb, weed competition and cost of weeding. Hence a brief review was presented to find out the effect of different weed management method in onion.

https://arccjournals.com/uploads/articles/9R1573.pdf

Weed management in onion: A review

HIND AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND TRAINING INSTITUTE ABSTRACT : A field experiment on integrated weed management was conducted during the Rabi season of 2015-16 at the farm of KVK, Yavatmal. The experiment was conducted in Randomized Block Design with six treatments and four replications. Treatments comprised of T 1 One hand weeding at 20 days after planting of seedlings, T 2 Two hand weedings at 20 and 40 DAT, T 3 Three hand weeding at 20, 40 and 60 DAT, T 4 Spraying of herbicide oxyfluorfen 23.5% EC 0.1-0.15 kg a.i./ha 15-20 DAT + 1HW at 45 DAT, T 5 Spraying Oxyfluorfen 23.5% EC 0.1-0.15 kg a.i./ha before planting + 1HW at 40-60 DAT and T 6 Control check i.e. without weed control practices. The experiment was carried out in order to evaluate best weed management practices in situation of limited weedicide registered in label claim. The observations on effect of IWM practices on weed parameters, crop growth, bulbs yield were recorded. Minimum weed count and dry matter of weed at 90 DAT with highest weed control efficiency was recorded by the treatment T 4 where spraying of herbicide oxyfluorfen 23.5% EC 0.1-0.15 kg a.i./ha 15-20 DAT + 1HW at 45 DAT. Regarding the plant growth and bulb yield parameters, the treatment T 4 where spraying of herbicide oxyfluorfen 23.5% EC 0.1-0.15 kg a.i./ha 15-20 DAT + 1HW at 45 DAT was found significantly superior over all the treatments as recorded maximum plant height, neck thickness, dry matter weight of plant, bulb diameter, fresh weight of bulb, cured weight of bulb, bulb yield per plot and per ha. Treatment T 4 obtained maximum yield and thereby recorded highest gross return as well as net return and scored highest cost benefit ratio 1:2.09. However, treatment T 5 Spraying Oxyfluorfen 23.5% EC 0.1-0.15 kg a.i./ha before planting +1HW at 40-60 DAT ranked second in control of weed growth and gained the higher bulb yield with monetary returns.

/pdf/effect-of-integrated-weed-management-on-growth-yield-and-1jteo4mvcf.pdf

Effect of integrated weed management on growth, yield and economic returns on onion (Allium cepa L.)

An experiment was conducted to examine the effect of weed management and plant nutrition practices on weed biomass, growth parameters and bulb yield of onion (Allium cepa L.). Weed management practices included alone application of herbicides, viz. pendimethalin, oxyfluorfen and fluazipop-p-butyl, their combination with hand weeding, weed free and weedy check. The crop was fertilized with three levels viz., 75% RDF, RDF (100:50:50 NPK kg/ha) and 125% RDF. The results indicated that weed management and fertilizer levels had a significant effect on weed population dynamics and onion bulb crop. The total weed density decreased significantly with application of pendimethalin 1 kg/ha or oxyfluorfen 0.24 kg/ha + one hand weeding at 40 days after transplanting (DAT) during both the seasons of investigation. Echinochloa ssp., Trianthema portulacastrum, Digera arvensis Forsk. Physalis minima L. and Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. were found as major weeds in the crop. Higher onion bulb yield (38.0 t/ha) was recorded with pendimethalin 1 kg/ha + one hand weeding at 40 DAT. The increase in yield was 83.7% compared to the yield obtain in weedy check. Increasing level of fertilizer applications increased the total biomass of grassy and broad leaves weeds. Application of 125% RDF significantly improved bulb yield and increase in yield was 19.4 and 10.5% over 75% RDF and RDF respectively. On the basis of interaction, combination of pendimethalin 1 kg/ha fb 1 hand weeding at 40 DAT and 100% RDF was most productive (39.8 t/ha) and profitable (Net return 2,69,422/ha and benefit: cost ratio 7.85).

Effect of weed and fertilizer management on weed control and productivity of onion (Allium cepa)

In the new alluvial soil of Navsari (Gujarat), a field experiment was conducted in Rabi season to study the yield, quality and post harvest life of onion (Allium cepa L.) cv. ‘Gujarat Onion White-1’ as affected by weed management and fertilizer levels during two conjunctive years of 2008–09 and 2009–10. Weed population were decreased significantly with application of pendimethalin 1 kg/ha or oxyfluorfen 0.24 kg/ha supplement with one hand weeding at 40 DAT during both the season of investigation. Echinochloa spp., Trianthema portulacastrum, Digera arvensis. Physalis minima. and Cynodon dactylon. were found as major weeds in experiment field. Further, pendimethalin 1.0 kg/ha followed by one hand weeding produced higher onion bulb yield of 39.3, 36.6 and 38.0 t/ha during both years as well as in pooled, respectively and found at par with oxyflourfen 0.24 kg/ha + one hand weeding at 40 DAT and weed free treatments. In pooled, increasing fertilizer rate from 75% to 125% of RDF was found effective and the higher level of fertilizer (125% RDF) gave the highest bulb yield, which was 10.52 and 19.43% more than of the F2 and F1 levels respectively. Regarding post harvest life of bulbs, weight losses (%), black mould development (%) and sprouting (%) were remained unaffected by weed management and fertilizer levels except significantly higher weight losses (%) was observed under weed management treatment. On the basis of interaction, it is inferred that the treatment combination of (pendimethalin 1 kg/ha fb one hand weeding at 40 days after transplanting supplement with 100% RDF) found most appropriate (39.86 t/ha) and profitable not only to secure the net return of 2,69,422/ha with 7.85 BCR per unit cost of onion production but also save 25% of fertilizer.

Performance of onion under weed and fertilizer management

A field experiment was conducted during rabi season for three consecutive years (2006–2009) at Navsari, Gujarat to assess the seed production potential of oat (Avena sativa L.) under three cutting management viz., No cut, one cut at 30 DAS and one cut at 45 DAS and three times of nitrogen application viz., Two equal splits at basal and 30 DAS (60+60 kg N/ha), three splits at basal, 30 and 45 DAS (60+30+30 kg N/ha) and three equal splits at basal, 30 and 45 DAS (40+40+40 kg N/ha). Among cutting management practices, no cut treatment produced higher seed (2.33 t/ha) and straw (11.05 t/ha) yields than cutting at 30 and 45 DAS. However, highest green fodder yield (14.38 t/ha) was recorded with cutting at 45 DAS. Net returns (46,642/ha) and B: C ratio (2.10) was higher with no cutting treatment. Application of nitrogen in three equal splits (40+40+40) gave significantly higher seed (2.15 t/ha) and straw (10.04 t/ha) yields which were at par with three splits (60+30+30), whereas green fodder yield (12.26 t/ha) was found significantly higher when nitrogen applied in two equal splits. Net returns (51,617/ha) and B:C ratios (2.26) were increased when N was given in three equal splits. Consequently for higher productivity and profitability of oat crop, it should be grown without cutting and fertilized with three equal splits of nitrogen (at basal, 30 and 45 DAS).

Productivity of oat (Avena sativa) under different cutting management and split application of nitrogen

Bio-efficacy of herbicides in direct-seeded rice

Field investigation was carried out at Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari to study the integrated nutrient management in rice (Oryza sativa L.)–sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) (P)–sugarcane (R) cropping sequence during the years 2000 to 2006. For securing higher yield and remuneration in rice - sugarcane (plant)– sugarcane (ratoon) cropping sequence, application of 25% N through FYM + 25% N through poultry manure + 50% N through inorganic fertilizer to the rice–sugarcane (plant)–sugarcane (ratoon) cropping sequence not only gave net return and B:C ratio close to that obtained with application of 100% recommended dose of fertilizer as per soil test value or as per general state recommendation but also improved the soil health in terms of positive nutrient balance.

Integrated nutrient management in rice (Oryza sativa)–sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) (plant)–sugarcane (ratoon) cropping sequence

Handle everyday research tasks with reliable, citation-backed results

Your personal Research Agent to handle research tasks with citation-backed results

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Meet SciSpace

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of <strong>{limit}</strong> columns in the table. Remove at least <strong>1</strong> column to add or create another one.

D.D. Patel

Author Tools

Chat about Author