The COHERENT experiment is well poised to test sub-GeV dark matter models using low-energy recoil detectors sensitive to coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CEvNS) in the $\pi$-DAR neutrino beam produced by the Spallation Neutron Source. We show how a planned 750-kg liquid argon scintillation detector would place leading limits on scalar light dark matter models, over two orders of magnitude of dark matter mass, for dark matter particles produced through vector and leptophobic portals in the absence of other effects beyond the standard model. The characteristic timing structure of a $\pi$-DAR beam allows a unique opportunity for constraining systematic uncertainties on the standard model background in a time window where signal is not expected, enhancing expected sensitivity. Additionally, we discuss future prospects, further increasing the discovery potential of CEvNS detectors. Such methods would test the calculated thermal dark matter abundance for all couplings $\alpha'\leq1$ within the vector portal model over an order of magnitude of dark matter masses.

Sensitivity of the COHERENT experiment to accelerator-produced dark matter

The sensitivity to dark matter signals at neutrino experiments is fundamentally challenged by the neutrino rates, as they leave similar signatures in their detectors As a way to improve the signal sensitivity, we investigate a dark matter search strategy which utilizes the timing and energy spectra to discriminate dark matter from neutrino signals at low-energy, pulsed-beam neutrino experiments This strategy was proposed in our companion paper arXiv:190610745, which we apply to potential searches at COHERENT, JSNS$^2$, and CCM These experiments are not only sources of neutrinos but also high intensity sources of photons The dark matter candidate of interest comes from the relatively prompt decay of a dark sector gauge boson which may replace a Standard-Model photon, so the delayed neutrino events can be suppressed by keeping prompt events only Furthermore, prompt neutrino events can be rejected by a cut in recoil energy spectra, as their incoming energy is relatively small and bounded from above while dark matter may deposit a sizable energy beyond it We apply the search strategy of imposing a combination of energy and timing cuts to the existing CsI data of the COHERENT experiment as a concrete example, and report a mild excess beyond known backgrounds We then investigate the expected sensitivity reaches to dark matter signals in our benchmark experiments

Searching for Dark Matter Signals in Timing Spectra at Neutrino Experiments

We report on the technical design and expected performance of a 592 kg heavy-water-Cherenkov detector to measure the absolute neutrino flux from the pion-decay-at-rest neutrino source at the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). The detector will be located roughly 20 m from the SNS target and will measure the neutrino flux with better than 5% statistical uncertainty in 2 years. This heavy-water detector will serve as the first module of a two-module detector system to ultimately measure the neutrino flux to 2-3% at both the First Target Station and the planned Second Target Station of the SNS. This detector will significantly reduce a dominant systematic uncertainty for neutrino cross-section measurements at the SNS, increasing the sensitivity of searches for new physics.

A D$_{2}$O detector for flux normalization of a pion decay-at-rest neutrino source

The Spallation Neutron Source, in operation at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory since 2006, was designed to allow the addition of a second target station and an upgrade of the accelerator proton power. Both upgrades are now underway. This paper describes the evolution of the design of the target of the second target station with the emphasis on the effects of the proton beam footprint on the energy deposition in the target, stresses induced by the pulsed operation, and the importance of the residual heat. The moderator configurations and their optimization are discussed. With the utilization of pure parahydrogen moderators, small neutron beam cross-sections, and the specific optimization, neutron beams of the second target station will achieve exceptionally high peak brightness and time-averaged brightness.

Neutronics analyses for the conceptual design of the SNS Second Target Station

The Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) is a short pulse neutron source facility driven by a high-power proton accelerator. Over the past the past few years SNS has undergone a systematic increase in operational beam power, culminating in operation at the proton beam design level of 1.4 MW. SNS is presently engaged in upgrades including a project to double the proton beam power capability. The recent operational power increase and the plans for upgrades will be discussed.

Operations Experience of SNS at 1.4MW and Upgrade Plans for Doubling the Beam Power

The Second Target Station (STS) is a proposed upgrade for SNS. It includes a doubling of the accelerator power and an additional instrument hall. The new instrument hall will receive a 467 kW 10 Hz beam. The parameters and preliminary design aspects of the STS are presented for the accelerator, target systems, instrument hall, instruments and civil construction aspects.

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Technical Design Report, Second Target Station

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Technical Design Report, Second Target Station