At a local scale, forest trees and stands have a marked influence on climate; thus it is possible to define microclimates. These effects depend on local climatic characteristics and stand type. All climatic parameters should be considered, but partic ular attention should be paid to temperature, light and water. From a silvicultural point of view knowledge of the interactions exis ting between microclimatic conditions and stands, in conjunction with information now available concerning tree ecophysiology make i t possible to produce viable applications which are useful for silviculture during stand formation, and for applying silvicultura l treat- ments. Whitout a doubt, taking forest cover interactions into account (climate and ecophysiological potential of species) is th e basis of sustainable management in forests. Based on the current knowledge about young stands, it is possible to use existing vegetat ion cover, in a more or less modified form, to improve temperature conditions especially in relation to spring frost damage, and to improve water conditions for both plant uptake and plant growth for a variable period depending on the species, but for a minim um of 4 to 5 years. For clearing and thinning, the effects of microclimatic changes created by this type of forestry management, a nd con- sequently the response of trees in terms of photosynthesis and growth, are now well defined. forest stands / microclimate / ecophysiology / silviculture

/pdf/interactions-between-forest-stands-and-microclimate-1fua2x4q8y.pdf

Interactions between forest stands and microclimate: Ecophysiological aspects and consequences for silviculture

Root growth is critical to the establishment of planted seedlings. Seedlings can undergo stress just after planting if root growth is not sufficient to couple the seedling to available soil water. Stress occurs when a newly planted seedling’s root system can not supply enough water to transpiring needles to maintain a proper water balance and ensure survival. Thus, a newly planted seedling’s ability to overcome planting stress is affected by its root system size and distribution, root–soil contact, and root hydraulic conductivity. This paper describes how factors of root growth and water status of newly planted seedlings are important in overcoming the phenomenon of planting stress which then allows a newly planted seedling to enter the establishment phase of development.

Importance of root growth in overcoming planting stress

Forest harvest presents a potential threat to forest floor bryophyte communities primarily through alteration of the microclimate and disturbance of substrates on the forest floor. Management, including harvest, applied at the landscape scale creates patches of disturbance of differing severities at the spatial scale experienced by bryophytes. Presumably, bryophyte diversity in managed landscapes is best conserved by forest harvest techniques that minimize community change, thereby allowing disturbed communities to reassemble to approach predisturbance composition. We monitored bryophyte community reassembly by sampling quadrats established in a 54-ha management block of Acadian forest in New Brunswick, before and after harvest. Quadrats were either in unharvested areas, or experienced a range of disturbance severities from removal of some or all canopy, to forest floor disturbance with complete canopy removal. Bryophyte communities showed compositional change over 4 years, even in areas that were not har...

Changes in forest floor bryophyte (moss and liverwort) communities 4 years after forest harvest

Le present document passe en revue la recherche sur la gestion de la vegetation forestiere au Canada et les pratiques a cet egard depuis les annees 1990 jusqu'a ce jour. Les resultats de cet examen revelent une progression continue vers un programme plus integre et plus respectueux de l'environnement, axe, fort judicieusement sur les principales especes concurrentes et les especes du peuplement final. La collaboration accrue du monde universitaire, des gouvernements et de l'industrie s'est traduite par la parution de plus de 666 nouvelles publications scientifiques qui ont considerablement enrichi la base des connaissances actuelles. La mise au point au Canada du Chondrostereum purpureum comme premier bioherbicide et l'utilisation de semis gorges d'elements nutritifs afin d'accroitre le taux de reussite de l'etablissement sont considerees comme des grandes percees de la recherche. Parmi les tendances recentes en matiere de pratiques operationnelles figurent le recours a des methodes de gestion plus intensive dans les stations a indice de qualite plus eleve et l'adoption de methodes novatrices (p. ex., semis gorges d'elements nutritifs) et de techniques de pointe (p. ex., systeme de guidage electronique des applications aeriennes d'herbicide). Meme si les donnees sur le taux de croissance a long terme des semis et les analyses economiques mettant en evidence les effets positifs sur le plan couts-avantages font encore defaut, l'evolution incessante du programme ameliorera sans aucun doute l'approvisionnement durable en bois et reduira au minimum les repercussions sur le milieu forestier.

/pdf/a-review-of-canadian-forest-vegetation-management-research-q8pa815uah.pdf

A review of Canadian forest vegetation management research and practice

Glyphosate and its toxicology: A scientometric review.

Alternative conifer release treatments affect microclimate and soil nitrogen mineralization

Zero tension soil solution samplers were used to collect soil solution at 75 cm for one and one-half years after the following treatments: 1) helicopter applied Release® silvicultural herbicide (a....

/pdf/influence-of-alternative-conifer-release-treatments-on-soil-43qvhtccog.pdf

Influence of alternative conifer release treatments on soil nutrient movement

Alternative conifer release treatments affect competition levels, available light, net assimilation rates, and growth of white spruce seedlings

Leaf area index (LAI) of competing vegetation and photosynthetically-active radiation (PAR) for spruce seedling growth were measured during the first growing season after alternative conifer release treatments [brush saw, Silvana Selective, Release® (a.i., triclopyr) herbicide, Vision® (a.i., glyphosate) herbicide], and control (no treatment) were applied. Bareroot white [Picea glauca (Moench) Voss] and black [Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.] spruce were planted between 1987 and 1991, and averaged 82 cm height in 1993 compared with 2.6 m for major competitors. Treatments were applied in 1993, the primary competitor being trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.). After the first growing season following treatments, LAI at seedling base differed (P = 0.002) among treatments, ranging from 2.04 (Vision®) to 3.88 (control) m2 m−2. The Vision® treatment had significantly lower LAI than the brush saw, Silvana Selective, and Release® treatments (means = 2.76,2.76, and 2.74 m2 m−2 respectively), and the control t...

Alternative conifer release treatments affect leaf area index of competing vegetation and available light for seedling growth

Microclimate changes following alternative conifer release treatments continued through three post-treatment growing seasons

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