Background Obesity is a major cause of morbidity and mortality and is associated with high medical expenditures. It has been suggested that obesity prevention could result in cost savings. The objective of this study was to estimate the annual and lifetime medical costs attributable to obesity, to compare those to similar costs attributable to smoking, and to discuss the implications for prevention. Methods and Findings With a simulation model, lifetime health-care costs were estimated for a cohort of obese people aged 20 y at baseline. To assess the impact of obesity, comparisons were made with similar cohorts of smokers and ‘‘healthy-living’’ persons (defined as nonsmokers with a body mass index between 18.5 and 25). Except for relative risk values, all input parameters of the simulation model were based on data from The Netherlands. In sensitivity analyses the effects of epidemiologic parameters and cost definitions were assessed. Until age 56 y, annual health expenditure was highest for obese people. At older ages, smokers incurred higher costs. Because of differences in life expectancy, however, lifetime health expenditure was highest among healthy-living people and lowest for smokers. Obese individuals held an intermediate position. Alternative values of epidemiologic parameters and cost definitions did not alter these conclusions. Conclusions

/pdf/lifetime-medical-costs-of-obesity-prevention-no-cure-for-2z6xdmjghp.pdf

Lifetime medical costs of obesity: prevention no cure for increasing health expenditure.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1046/j.1524-4733.2003.64157.x

Future Burden and Costs of Smoking‐Related Disease in the Netherlands: A Dynamic Modeling Approach

Our objective was to review modelling methods for type 2 diabetes mellitus prevention cost-effectiveness studies The review was conducted to inform the design of a policy analysis model capable of assisting resource allocation decisions across a spectrum of prevention strategies We identified recent systematic reviews of economic evaluations in diabetes prevention and management of obesity We extracted studies from two existing systematic reviews of economic evaluations for the prevention of diabetes We extracted studies evaluating interventions in a non-diabetic population with type 2 diabetes as a modelled outcome, from two systematic reviews of obesity intervention economic evaluations Databases were searched for studies published between 2008 and 2013 For each study, we reviewed details of the model type, structure, and methods for predicting diabetes and cardiovascular disease Our review identified 46 articles and found variation in modelling approaches for cost-effectiveness evaluations for the prevention of type 2 diabetes Investigation of the variables used to estimate the risk of type 2 diabetes suggested that impaired glucose regulation, and body mass index were used as the primary risk factors for type 2 diabetes A minority of cost-effectiveness models for diabetes prevention accounted for the multivariate impacts of interventions on risk factors for type 2 diabetes Twenty-eight cost-effectiveness models included cardiovascular events in addition to type 2 diabetes Few cost-effectiveness models have flexibility to evaluate different intervention types We conclude that to compare a range of prevention interventions it is necessary to incorporate multiple risk factors for diabetes, diabetes-related complications and obesity-related co-morbidity outcomes

Modelling the economics of type 2 diabetes mellitus prevention: a literature review of methods

https://pure.rug.nl/ws/files/2860781/Hak_2006_Vaccine_2.pdf

Modelling the health-economic impact of the next influenza pandemic in The Netherlands

Background: This article presents cost-effectiveness analyses of the major diabetes interventions as formulated in the revised Dutch guidelines for diabetes type 2 patients in primary and secondary care. The analyses consider two types of care: diabetes control and the treatment of complications, each at current care level and according to the guidelines. Methods: A validated probabilistic diabetes model describes diabetes and its complications over a lifetime in the Dutch population, computing quality-adjusted life years and medical costs. Effectiveness data and costs of diabetes interventions are from observational current care studies and intensive care experiments. Lifetime consequences of in total sixteen intervention mixes are compared with a baseline glycaemic control of 10%

/pdf/lifetime-health-effects-and-costs-of-diabetes-treatment-1jsh1iomqm.pdf

Lifetime health effects and costs of diabetes treatment.

Om te komen tot consistente verzamelingen van invoergegevens voor dynamische modellen van chronische ziekten hebben we de consistentie binnen de modelcontext geanalyseerd van gegevens over incidentie, prevalentie en sterfte voor specifieke ziekten. Dergelijke modellen integreren gegevens uit verschillende bronnen en worden gebruikt om de volksgezondheids-effecten van trends in en interventies op risicofactoren door te rekenen. Incidentie- en prevalentie-gegevens komen uit huisartsenregistraties, epidemiologische onderzoeken en registraties in de gezondheidszorg, gegevens over overleving uit de wetenschappelijke literatuur, terwijl ziekte-specifieke sterftecijfers uit de CBS-statistieken komen. De opeenvolgende analysestappen zijn: 1) een vergelijking van de gegevens uit verschillende bronnen, 2) de berekening van remissie- en sterfterates uit gegeven incidentie- en prevalentierates, vervolgens 3) een vergelijking met data uit de literatuur. We hebben data ge6valueerd met betrekking tot longkanker, astma en COPD, coronaire hartziekten en hartfalen, diabetes mellitus, dementie, en beroerte. Verschillende algemene conclusies kunnen getrokken worden: de gevonden verschillen tussen de bronnen zijn meestal terug te vertalen naar verschillen in registratiekarakteristieken; voor veel aandoeningen is de berekende 'excess' sterfte veel groter dan de sterfte met de ziekte als de primaire doodsoorzaak in de CBS-statistieken; de geschatte sterfteparameters komen in de meeste gevallen goed overeen met die uit de literatuur; de aanwezigheid van trends in de tijd maakt het schatten van leeftijd-specifieke cijfers lastig.

Dutch DisMod. Constructing a set of consistent data for chronic disease modelling

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Dutch DisMod. Constructing a set of consistent data for chronic disease modelling