PSD-Nepal mission is to provide a network for sharing technical information and expertise on agriculture, climate and environment sector. It aims to bring people with a common interest together and act as a forum in publishing peer-reviewed papers in the field of environment and in turn helping to disseminate the results of the studies and research. We hope that this journal will be of some help to all in addressing global environmental issues and move ahead in complementing the current scientific and technical development with cross-disciplinary, integrated approach.

International Journal of Environment

Nicotianamine (NA) is a low-molecular-weight N-containing metal-binding ligand, whose accumulation in plant organs changes under metal deficiency or excess. Although NA biosynthesis can be induced in vivo by various metals, this non-proteinogenic amino acid is mainly involved in the detoxification and transport of iron, zinc, nickel, copper and manganese. This review summarizes the current knowledge on NA biosynthesis and its regulation, considers the mechanisms of NA secretion by plant roots, as well as the mechanisms of intracellular transport of NA and its complexes with metals, and its role in radial and long-distance metal transport. Its role in metal tolerance is also discussed. The NA contents in excluders, storing metals primarily in roots, and in hyperaccumulators, accumulating metals mainly in shoots, are compared. The available data suggest that NA plays an important role in maintaining metal homeostasis and hyperaccumulation mechanisms. The study of metal-binding compounds is of interdisciplinary significance, not only regarding their effects on metal toxicity in plants, but also in connection with the development of biofortification approaches to increase the metal contents, primarily of iron and zinc, in agricultural plants, since the deficiency of these elements in food crops seriously affects human health.

/pdf/nicotianamine-a-key-player-in-metal-homeostasis-and-3orpxigk.pdf

Nicotianamine: A Key Player in Metal Homeostasis and Hyperaccumulation in Plants

Developing conductive inks for printed electronics has gained increasing interest in recent years as a low-cost and environmentally friendly alternative to traditional organic metal-based inks. This study aims to investigate the influence of silver nitrate (AgNO3) concentration at different temperatures and the effect of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) surfactant concentration on the properties of the colloidal silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) conductive inks. In this study, water-based AgNPs were prepared using a chemical reduction method. The effect of AgNO3 concentration, the reaction temperature, and the amount of PVP as a stabilizing agent on the size, shape, and purity of the synthesized AgNPs was investigated. The stability, thermal characteristics, and functional groups of the water-based AgNPs were also evaluated. The printed AgNPs patterns were examined for morphological and electrical properties. Results indicated that the concentration of AgNO3 and reaction temperature influence the size of AgNPs particles and their clustering. A high concentration of AgNO3 results in a higher yield of AgNPs and subsequently increases the electrical conductivity to 2.69×10° S/m. Adding PVP improves the stability of AgNPs for up to 45 days. Therefore, the development of water-based colloidal AgNPs conductive ink in this study can be used in inkjet printing to fabricate environmentally friendly printed electronics. 

Stability and conductivity of water-based colloidal silver nanoparticles conductive inks for sustainable printed electronics

Water quality plays an important role in maintaining plant and animal life. Lack of good quality drinking water and water for sanitation cause health problems. Water quality characteristics arise from a group of physical, chemical and biological factors. The dynamic balance of the aquatic system can be destroyed by human activities resulting in water pollution.Well water has traditionally considered as a safe resource of water for consumption without treatment and extensively used for individual water supply in rural and many urban areas.In this paper a preliminary analysis is done to explore the water quality of selected wells in order to correlate the effect of pollution on water quality at these locations. Water samples are collected from different regions of Vazhappally area located on central travancore of Kerala. These sites are important because people depend only on well water for drinking purpose. The samples are collected from ten locations and analyzed for chemical parameters such as pH, conductivity, salinity, turbidity, acidity, alkainity, hardness, total phosphates, dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen demand, total dissolved solids and Iron content. Samples are also analysed for coliform bacteria which cause pathogenic diseases. Remarkable differences are observed mainly in biological oxygen demand, acidity and hardness. Finally, an attempt has been done to correlate the observed chemical parameters and the waterquality standards. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v3i2.10501 International Journal of the Environment Vol.3(2) 2014: 20-27

/pdf/physico-chemical-characteristics-of-the-ground-water-table-5dl8ptufmo.pdf

Physico-chemical characteristics of the ground water table after monsoon: a case study at central Travancore in Kerala

Nanoscience is a rapidly growing science stream that has been one of the cost-effective and energy-efficient approaches with wide applications. Water pollution is a major issue that is increasing continuously due to anthropogenic activities and several organic and inorganic contaminants. To overcome this issue, nanoparticles (NPs) have been successfully used to treat water. These NPs possess many beneficial applications in many fields like agriculture, cosmetics, photoconductors, environmental biotechnology, glass and alloy production, solar cells, nanomedicine and drug deliveries, biosensors, food industries, etc. The properties comprising high surface area, greater chemical reactivity, and mechanical properties play a vital role in imparting such beneficiary properties. As a result, there has been an increasing demand for the synthesis of NPs. However, excess usage of NPs further creates toxic by-products. Therefore, scientists and researchers are now focussing on the biogenic synthesis of NPs. The biological routes of NP synthesis have been crucial because they are eco-friendly and environmentally safe. This chapter highlights the usage of different approaches and biogenic sources for the production of NPs. It also discusses the recent advancement in the use of biogenic NPs with respect to applications for wastewater treatment. 

A Synthesis of Biogenic Nanoparticles (NPs) for the Treatment of Wastewater and Its Application: A Review

Indigenous chemical compounds found in plants such as phenolics, alkaloids, carotenoids, xanthophylls and terpenoids are used by chemists for a variety of synthetic applications. The Sustainable Chemistry or green chemistry,...

Synthesis and Catalytic Applications of Silver Nanoparticles: A Sustainable Chemical Approach using Indigenous Reducing and Capping Agents from Hyptis capitata

The biodiversity in aquatic systems are indirectly controlled by their nutrient dynamics. The abundance of phytoplanktons and zooplanktons depends on the availability of nutrients such as nitrates, phosphates and silicates since these are the building blocks for their further growth. The phytoplanktons act as prey for the next higher trophic level including various fishes and other small organisms. One of the factors that enchant the migratory birds at some particular locations is the availability of the species of organisms that they prey on. In this paper a preliminary analysis is done to explore the nutrient dynamics of selected tropical aquatic systems in order to correlate the arrival of migratory birds at those locations. Water samples are collected from coastal region of Aleppey, Purakkad and Koonthankulam Bird Sancturay. The latter two sites are the important destination of many migratory water birds including Pallus Gull, Heuglins Gull, Bar-headed goose, Comb Duck and Spot Billed Pelican. The samples are analyzed chemically to trace the nutrient compositions and the related chemical parameters such as temperature, pH, conductivity, primary productivity, chloride, salinity, turbidity, nitrate, phosphate, dissolved oxygen and biochemical oxygen demand. Remarkable differences are observed mainly in the composition of phosphate, organic matter content and salinity. Finally, an attempt has been done to correlate the biodiversity of these locations with the chemical parameters and the prevailing nutrient compositions. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v3i1.9943 International Journal of Environment Vol.3(1) 2014: 68-77

/pdf/nutrient-composition-and-physicochemical-characteristics-in-3276dvptdf.pdf

Nutrient composition and physicochemical characteristics in the destination sites of migratory water birds: a case study at the selected locations of seashores and lakes in southern India

Theoretical studies on the coordination chemistry of phytosiderophores with special reference to Fe-nicotianamine complexes in graminaceous plants

On the coordination chemistry of a bacterial siderophore cepabactin from a theoretical perspective

Objective: This study revealed the effect of Cocos nucifera juice on antioxidant/pro-oxidant ratio in brain tissue homogenates of wistar rats. 
Materials and Methods: 40 male wistar rats were collected and randomly selected into 4 groups. Treatment protocols were; i-normal saline, ii-3ml C. nucifera juice, iii-6ml C.nucifera juice, iv-9ml C. nucifera juice. The study period lasted for 42 days. Brain tissue homogenate was prepared and biochemical analysis for antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx); pro-oxidant biomarkers hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and nitric oxide (NO) were assayed for. 
Results: The result showed that there was an increase in antioxidants concentration and a simultaneous decrease in pro-oxidant species generation as the dose of treatment was increased. The ratio of antioxidants to pro-oxidants showed a direct proportionality to the treatment dose. 
Conclusion: C. nucifera juice has the ability to improve the level of production or synthesis of the assayed antioxidant enzymes and also has the efficacy to suppress pro-oxidant specie generation.

https://journalacri.com/index.php/ACRI/article/download/30277/56810

Changes in Antioxidant/Pro-Oxidant Ratio of Brain Tissue Homogenates in Response to Cocos nucifera Treatment

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