Recent advances and challenges of emerging solar-driven steam and the contribution of photocatalytic effect

Solar-powered water evaporation (SWE), based on the liquid-gas phase conversion concept using solar energy, has been given close attention as a promising technology to address the global water shortage. At molecular level, water molecules escaping from liquid water should overcome the attraction of the molecules on the liquid surface layer to evaporate. For this reason, it is better to reduce the energy required for evaporation by breaking a smaller number of hydrogen bonds or forming weak hydrogen bonds to ensure efficient and convenient vapor production. Many novel evaporator materials and effective water activation strategies have been proposed to stimulate rapid steam production and surpass the theoretical thermal limit. However, an in-depth understanding of the phase/enthalpy change process of water evaporation is unclear. In this review, we provide a summary of theoretical analyses of vaporization enthalpy, general calculations, and characterization methods. We have also outlined various water activation mechanisms to reduce evaporation enthalpy in evaporators. Moreover, unsolved issues associated with water activation are critically discussed to provide a direction for future research. Meanwhile, significant pioneering developments made in SWE have been highlighted, hoping to provide a relatively entire chain for more scholars who are just stepping into this field. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/adma.202212100

Water Activation in Solar-Powered Vapor Generation.

Recent Advances in Fibrous Materials for Interfacial Solar Steam Generation

Ultra-robust vertically aligned three-dimensional (3D) Janus hollow fiber membranes for interfacial solar-driven steam generation with salt-resistant and multi-media purification

Interfacial solar vapor generation (ISVG) was first proposed in 2014 and it has gained more and more attention from academia due to its tremendous improvement in evaporation efficiency compared with...

Recent advances in interfacial solar vapor generation: clean water production and beyond

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been recently utilized in solar water evaporation due to their favorable photothermal conversion efficiency resulting from localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). However, the exorbitant price of Au severely hinders its extensive application for water purification in practice. This work reports a simple interfacial reaction for in situ engineering a trace amount of AuNPs on carbonized organosilica (c-silica) microspheres toward water desalination and decontamination. With the deposition of AuNPs@c-silica hybrids onto filter fiber paper (FFP), the as-prepared AuNP@c-silica/FFP (GSP) membrane can achieve a superior solar thermal conversion efficiency up to 94.6% under only one sun irradiation with Au usage of only 25 μg cm−2. The high solar thermal conversion efficiency of the GSP membrane can be attributed to the synergistic photothermal effect between AuNPs and c-silica, which is verified by the COMSOL simulation. The GSP membrane also possesses a high elimination capability that allows it to produce drinkable water from seawater and wastewater. Additionally, the reliability evaluation indicates that the microstructures and performance of AuNPs@c-silica hybrids are invariant before and after reclamation. This technically easy route offers a low-cost, reusable, and highly efficient membrane for solar water purification that can be envisaged for practical use.

Engineering trace AuNPs on monodispersed carbonized organosilica microspheres drives highly efficient and low-cost solar water purification

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Engineering trace AuNPs on monodispersed carbonized organosilica microspheres drives highly efficient and low-cost solar water purification