Mechanical properties and rolling-sliding wear performance of dual phase austempered ductile iron as potential metro wheel material

Microstructure and mechanical properties of sand-cast Mg-6Gd-3Y-0.5Zr alloy subject to thermal cycling treatment

Tribological behavior of austempered ductile iron (ADI) obtained at different austempering temperatures

In the present work AISI D3 steel which is generally used for making forming die and tools is subjected to cryogenic treatment in liquid nitrogen maintained at −196 °C for different holding time of 12, 24 and 36 h. The microhardness and dry sliding wear studies were conducted based on L27 orthogonal array. The worn surface analysis was carried out using scanning electron microscope along with EDAX. The obtained results showed increase in microhardness with the increase in soaking time from 12 to 24 h which is mainly attributed to nucleation of carbides. The Analysis of variance showed that the applied load with 30.24% was the most dominating factor followed by cryogenic holding time (25.84%) while speed (20.64%) had minimal influence when compared to other parameters. The worn surface analysis revealed mild wear in the steel subjected to low soaking time of 12 h while exhibited severe wear for steel subjected to 36 h.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/2053-1591/aadeba/pdf

Influence of deep cryogenic treatment on dry sliding wear behaviour of AISI D3 die steel

The impact of heat treatment process (HT) on microstructural, mechanical and tribological performance of unalloyed and alloyed ductile iron has been investigated. Austenitizing temperature at 900 °C/350 °C/30min, 920 °C/350 °C/30min, 950 °C/350 °C/30min and 970 °C/350 °C/30min were deployed respectively, after which the specimens were furnace cooled to room temperature. The highest ultimate tensile strengths of 598.9 and 519.75 Mpa were recorded for both unalloyed and alloyed ductile iron (DI) at 920 °C/350 °C/30min. The DI heat-treated at 950 °C/350 °C/30 min from the Charpy impact test had the highest energy value of 10 J. The optical microscope and SEM micrographs show that heat-treatment process produced some ferrite and martensitic structures; some bull eyes and nodules are also evident on the microstructures. The highest frictional coefficient value of 9.10 × 10−1 was obtained for DI matrix while 8.0 × 10−1, 6.0 × 10−I, 4.0 × 10−1 and 2.0 × 10−1 were recorded for specimens heat-treated at 900 °C/350 °C/30min, 920 °C/350 °C/30min, 950 °C/350 °C/30min and 970 °C/350 °C/30 min, respectively. In addition, the tribological behavior of the heat-treated DI under 10 N loads showed a dual wear process comprising abrasion and oxidation. The wear behavior of the heat-treated microstructure in the matrix corresponds to the strengthening and toughening effect under the same load. However, the mechanical testing of the samples confirmed an improvement in the hardness, impact, and tensile strength of the samples. The significance of annealing heat treatment is demonstrated in this study, as its consistent impact is evident in all the mechanical tests conducted on the specimens.

Impact of heat treatment on mechanical and tribological behaviour of unalloyed and alloyed ductile iron

Microstructure and abrasive wear resistance of an alloyed ductile iron subjected to deep cryogenic and austempering treatments

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Microstructure and abrasive wear resistance of an alloyed ductile iron subjected to deep cryogenic and austempering treatments