Laban jameed is a dried salty dairy product obtained by fermentation of milk using a complex population of lactic acid bacteria. Jameed is considered a traditional food product in most eastern Mediterranean countries and is usually made from sheep or cow milk. The aim of this study was to assess phage contamination of jameed dairy product. Two phages were isolated: one from sheep milk jameed (PPUDV) and the other from cow milk jameed (PPURV). Each of the two bacteriophages was partially characterized. The PPUDV phage was identified as a single stranded DNA virus with an approximately 20 kb genome that was resistant to RNase, whereas PPURV phage possessed a double stranded RNA genome of approximately 20 kb and was resistant to DNase. The phage bacterial strain hosts were identified as Lactobacillus helveticus and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens for PPUDV and PPURV, respectively. One step growth curve using a double layer plaque assay test was carried out to monitor the phage life cycle after host infection. PPUDV showed a latent period of about 36 h, burst period of 70 h and a burst size of about 600 Plaque Forming Units (PFU) per infected cell. PPURV phage showed a latent period of about 24 h, burst period of 47 h and a burst size of about 700 PFU per infected cell. SDS-PAGE analysis of total viral proteins showed at least three major bands (27, 40, and 45 kDa) for PPUDV. This is the first study to report the isolation of both DNA and RNA bacteriophages from laban jameed. This study adds new insights into the complexity of dairy contamination and fermentation microbiology of the jameed revealing the existence of two viral genomes in this highly dried and salty dairy product.

https://biotech.ppu.edu/sites/default/files/thesis/Murad%20Mohammed%20Hamed%20Shnaewer.pdf

Isolation and Characterization of Bacteriophages from Laban Jameed

The aim of the present study was to evaluate few probiotics strains available commercially in Lahore city and isolation and identification of strains from thes e commercial probiotics . The identified and isolated probiotic strains were fre eze dried. These strains included Lactobacillus acidophilus, B ifidum bacterium bifidu s and Saccharomyces boulradii. Both the commercial and laboratory freeze dried probiotic micro - organisms were subjected to microbial studies. The isolation of the microbes was done by using different types of growth media and identification of mic robes was based on fermentation of different carbohydrates, gas production from glucose, growth at various temperature and tolerance to sodium chloride , colony characteristics and s taining. The actual microbial count in laboratory of commercial probiotics indicated that there was a discrepancy in the viable count stated on t he label of Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidumbacterium bifidus i.e . , the actual viable count is less than the stated viable count on the label. This laboratory evidence suggest that bacteria cannot survive longer time on shelves which is probably the main reason that probiotics inspite of th eir in vivo effectiveness have not found a good way in physician prescript ion pattern. However, such discrepancy was not observed in case of yeast. The microbiological studies suggested that it is feasible to isolate, identify and freeze dry the microbes in the laboratory and pilot plant scale. The microbial count after freeze d rying of laboratory prepared probiotics had shown that anaerobic bacteria ( Bifidumbacterium bifidus) survived more during the freeze drying as compared to Lactobacillus acidophilus and yeast survive more than the both bacterial strains.

http://www.irjponline.com/admin/php/uploads/2053_pdf.pdf

Isolation and freeze drying of certain probiotic strains

Investigations into selective metabolic aspects of bifidobacteria: carbohydrate metabolism, fatty acid biosynthesis and plasmid biology Author(s) O'Connell, Kerry Joan Publication date 2014 Original citation O'Connell, K. J. 2014. Investigations into selective metabolic aspects of bifidobacteria: Carbohydrate metabolism, fatty acid biosynthesis and plasmid biology. PhD Thesis, University College Cork. Type of publication Doctoral thesis Rights © 2014, Kerry J. O'Connell http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/

Investigations into selective metabolic aspects of bifidobacteria: carbohydrate metabolism, fatty acid biosynthesis and plasmid biology

Despite reducing the prevalent foodborne pathogen Campylobacter jejuni in chickens decreases campylobacteriosis, few effective approaches are available. The aim of this study was to use microbial metabolic product bile acids to reduce C. jejuni chicken colonization. Broiler chicks were fed with deoxycholic acid (DCA), lithocholic acid (LCA), or ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA). The birds were also transplanted with DCA modulated anaerobes (DCA-Anaero) or aerobes (DCA-Aero). The birds were infected with human clinical isolate C. jejuni 81-176 or chicken isolate C. jejuni AR101. Notably, C. jejuni 81-176 was readily colonized intestinal tract at d16 and reached an almost plateau at d21. Remarkably, DCA excluded C. jejuni cecal colonization at 100, 99.997, and 100% at 16, 21, and 28 days of age. Neither chicken ages of infection nor LCA or UDCA altered C. jejuni AR101 chicken colonization level, while DCA reduced 91% of the bacterium in chickens at d28. Notably, DCA diet reduced phylum Firmicutes but increased Bacteroidetes compared to infected control birds. Importantly, DCA-Anaero attenuated 93% of C. jejuni colonization at d28 compared to control infected birds. In conclusion, DCA shapes microbiota composition against C. jejuni colonization in chickens, suggesting a bidirectional interaction between microbiota and microbial metabolites.

/pdf/microbial-metabolite-deoxycholic-acid-shapes-microbiota-mlzkii1slp.pdf

Microbial metabolite deoxycholic acid shapes microbiota against Campylobacter jejuni chicken colonization

The effects of interventions are multidimensional. Use of more than one primary endpoint offers an attractive design feature in clinical trials as they capture more complete characterization of the effects of an intervention and provide more informative intervention comparisons. For these reasons, multiple primary endpoints have become a common design feature in many disease areas such as oncology, infectious disease, and cardiovascular disease. More specifically in medical product development, multiple endpoints are used as co-primary to evaluate the effect of the new interventions. Although methodologies to address continuous co-primary endpoints are well-developed, methodologies for binary endpoints are limited. In this article, we describe power and sample size determination for clinical trials with multiple correlated binary endpoints, when relative risks are evaluated as co-primary. We consider a scenario where the objective is to evaluate evidence for superiority of a test intervention compared wit...

Sample Size Considerations in Clinical Trials When Comparing Two Interventions Using Multiple Co-Primary Binary Relative Risk Contrasts

Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria

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Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria