The Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX) imaged the sky in two Ultraviolet (UV) bands, far-UV (FUV) and near-UV (NUV), delivering the first comprehensive sky surveys at these wavelengths. The GALEX database contains FUV and NUV images, 500~million source measurements and over 100,000 low-resolution UV spectra. [...] We present science-enhanced, clean catalogs of GALEX UV sources, with useful tags to facilitate scientific investigations. The catalogs are an improved and expanded version of our previous catalogs of UV sources (Bianchi et al. 2011, 2014: BCScat). With respect to BCScat, we have patched 640 fields for which the pipeline had improperly coadded non-overlapping observations, we provide a version with a larger sky coverage (about 10percent) [...]. We added new tags to facilitate selection and cleaning of statistical samples...: we flag sources within the footprint of extended objects (nearby galaxies, stellar clusters) so that these regions can be excluded for estimating source density. As in our previous catalogs, in GUVcat duplicate measurements of the same source are removed.[...] Such unique-source catalog is needed to study density and distributions of sources, and to match UV sources with catalogs at other wavelengths. The catalog includes all observations from the All-Sky Imaging Survey (AIS), the survey with the largest area coverage, with both FUV and NUV detectors exposed: over 28,700 fields, made up of a total of 57,000 observations ("visits"). The total area covered, when overlaps are removed and gaps accounted for, is 24,790 (GUVcat_AIS_fov055) and 22,125 (GUVcat_AIS_fov050) square degrees. The total number of unique AIS sources (eliminating duplicate measurements) is 82,992,086 (GUVcat_AIS_fov055) and 69,772,677 (GUVcat_AIS_fov050). 
The typical depth of the GUVcat_AIS catalog is FUV=19.9, NUV=20.8ABmag.

Revised Catalog of GALEX Ultraviolet Sources. I. The All-sky Survey: GUVcat_AIS

The Canada-France Imaging Survey (CFIS) will map the northern high Galactic latitude sky in the uband ("CFIS-u", 10,000 deg 2) and in the r-band ("CFIS-r", 5,000 deg 2), enabling a host of stand-alone science investigations, and providing some of the ground-based data necessary for photometric redshift determination for the Euclid mission. In this first contribution we present the u-band component of the survey, describe the observational strategy, and discuss some first highlight results, based on approximately one third of the final area. We show that the Galactic anticenter structure is distributed continuously along the line of sight, out to beyond 20 kpc, and possesses a metallicity distribution that is essentially identical to that of the outer disk sampled by APOGEE. This suggests that it is probably a buckled disk of old metal-rich stars, rather than a stream or a flare. We also discuss the future potential for CFIS-u in discovering star-forming dwarf galaxies around the Local Group, the characterization of the white dwarf and blue straggler population of the Milky Way, as well as its sensitivity to low-surface brightness structures in external galaxies.

https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01714623/document

The Canada–France Imaging Survey: First Results from the u-Band Component

Aims. Using archival observations recorded over a 5+ year timeframe with the NASA GALaxy Evolution eXplorer (GALEX) satellite, we present a study of the ultraviolet (UV) variability of 4360 quasars of redshifts up to z = 2.5 that have optical counterparts in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey DR5 spectroscopic catalog of Schneider et al. (2007, AJ, 134, 102). The observed changes in both the far UV (FUV: 1350−1785 A) and near UV (NUV: 1770−2830 A) AB magnitudes as a function of time may help differentiate between models of the emission mechanisms thought to operate in these active galaxies.
Methods. A list of NUV and FUV variable quasars was derived from the UV light-curves of sources with 5 or more observational visits by GALEX that spanned a time-frame > 3 months. By measuring the error in the derived mean UV magnitude from the series of GALEX observations for each source, quasars whose UV variability was greater than the 3-σ variance from the mean observed value were deemed to be (intrinsically) UV variable. This conservative selection criterion (which was applied to both FUV and NUV observations) resulted in identifying 550 NUV and 371 FUV quasars as being statistically significant UV variable objects.
Results. Following the work of Vanden Berk et al. (2004, ApJ, 601, 692), we have performed a structure function (SF) analysis of these data to search for possible correlations between UV variability and parameters such as rest frame time-lag, redshift, luminosity and radio loudness. Firstly, we observe that the amplitudes of variability as a function of time-lag for both the NUV and FUV data are far larger than those observed at visible wavelengths. Secondly, the levels of FUV variability are greater than those observed in the NUV for a given value of time-lag. Also, the amplitudes of both the NUV and FUV variability of quasars increase as a function of rest frame time-lag, irrespective of the value of quasar redshift, for time-lags 300 days there is a pronounced rollover in the NUV SF for all redshift values, which is also observed (with a lower signiÞcance) in the FUV variability data. Although we find no strong relationship between UV variability and redshift, our data do show that higher redshift quasars appear to be more variable than their low redshift counterparts. Our data also show that, for all values of time-lag, the more luminous quasars tend to be slightly less UV variable, with perhaps the exception of FUV variable quasars for short time-lags. 
Although our data sample is small, we find that radio-loud quasars are marginally more variable than radio quiet ones by a factor ~2 in the NUV and by a factor 1 − 3 in the FUV. Therefore, our present observations support the notion in which the radio properties of quasars have a limited influence on the observed UV variability of these objects. In summation, our present analysis favors a quasar model in which UV variability is mainly due to stochastic changes in the underlying continuum level, rather than models that favor gravitational microlensing or discrete-event processes.

http://authors.library.caltech.edu/23001/1/Welsh2011p13145Astron_Astrophys.pdf

GALEX observations of quasar variability in the ultraviolet

The Canada-France Imaging Survey (CFIS) will map the northern high Galactic latitude sky in the $u$-band ("CFIS-u", 10,000$\, {\rm deg^2}$) and in the $r$-band ("CFIS-r", 5,000$\, {\rm deg^2}$), enabling a host of stand-alone science investigations, and providing some of the ground-based data necessary for photometric redshift determination for the Euclid mission. In this first contribution we present the $u$-band component of the survey, describe the observational strategy, and discuss some first highlight results, based on approximately one third of the final area. We show that the Galactic anticenter structure is distributed continuously along the line of sight, out to beyond 20 kpc, and possesses a metallicity distribution that is essentially identical to that of the outer disk sampled by APOGEE. This suggests that it is probably a buckled disk of old metal-rich stars, rather than a stream or a flare. We also discuss the future potential for CFIS-u in discovering star-forming dwarf galaxies around the Local Group, the characterization of the white dwarf and blue straggler population of the Milky Way, as well as its sensitivity to low-surface brightness structures in external galaxies.

The Canada-France Imaging Survey: First results from the u-band component

Wide-field far-UV (FUV, 1344–1786 A) and near-UV (NUV, 1771–2831 A) imaging from GALEX provides a deep, comprehensive view of the young stellar populations in hundreds of nearby galaxies, shedding new light on the process of star formation (SF) in different environments, and on the interplay between dust and SF. GALEX’s FUV-NUV color is extremely sensitive to stellar populations of ages up to a few hundred Myrs, unambiguously probing their presence and enabling age-dating and stellar mass estimate, together with the characterization of interstellar dust extinction. The deep sensitivity, combined with the wide field-of-view, made possible in particular the discovery and characterization of star formation in extremely low-density, diffuse gas environments such as outer galaxy disks, tidal tails, low-surface-brightness galaxies (LSB) and dwarf Irregular galaxies, and of rejuvenation episodes in early-type galaxies. Such results provide several missing links for interpreting galaxy classes in an evolutionary context, extend our knowledge of the star-formation process to previously unexplored conditions, constrain models of galaxy disk formation, and clarify the mutual role of dust and star formation. We review a variety of star-forming environments studied by GALEX, and provide some model analysis tools useful for interpretation of GALEX measurements, and potentially as basic science planning tools for next-generation UV instruments.

/pdf/galex-and-star-formation-2zouy1ciba.pdf

GALEX and star formation

We present a sample of spectroscopically confirmed QSOs with FUV-NUV color (as measured by GALEX photometry) bluer than canonical QSO templates and than the majority of known QSOs. We analyze their FUV to NIR colors, luminosities and optical spectra. The sample includes a group of 150 objects at low redshift (z $<$ 0.5), and a group of 21 objects with redshift 1.7$<$z$<$2.6. For the low redshift objects, the "blue" FUV-NUV color may be caused by enhanced Ly$\alpha$ emission, since Ly$\alpha$ transits the GALEX FUV band from z=0.1 to z=0.47. Synthetic QSO templates constructed with Ly$\alpha$ up to 3 times stronger than in standard templates match the observed UV colors of our low redshift sample. The H$\alpha$ emission increases, and the optical spectra become bluer, with increasing absolute UV luminosity. The UV-blue QSOs at redshift about 2, where the GALEX bands sample restframe about 450-590A (FUV) and about 590-940A(NUV), are fainter than the average of UV-normal QSOs at similar redshift in NUV, while they have comparable luminosities in other bands. Therefore we speculate that their observed FUV-NUV color may be explained by a combination of steep flux rise towards short wavelengths and dust absorption below the Lyman limit, such as from small grains or crystalline carbon. The ratio of Ly$\alpha$ to CIV could be measured in 10 objects; it is higher (30% on average) than for UV-normal QSOs, and close to the value expected for shock or collisional ionization. FULL VERSION AVAILABLE FROM AUTHOR'S WEB SITE: this http URL

Extreme UV QSOs

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Extreme UV QSOs