OF THESIS FOREST HARVEST EQUIPMENT MOVEMENT AND SEDIMENT DELIVERY TO STREAMS Streamside management zones (SMZs) have become important management techniques to prevent the introduction of sediment to stream networks. This study examined the current Kentucky best management practice (BMP) guidelines for SMZs by outfitting mobile forest harvest equipment with global positioning system (GPS) receivers, enabling modeling of equipment traffic and spatial analysis of stream sediment delivery. Three SMZ configurations were implemented during commercial timber harvest, along with four different techniques of crossing ephemeral channels, in order to determine where and why sediment was introduced to the stream network. Results indicate that increasing the SMZ buffer width leads to decreased sediment delivery, and that requiring an SMZ buffer with some canopy retention on ephemeral channels will lead to improvements in stream water quality. Care should be taken in the placement and construction of water control measures for skid trail retirement, and improved stream channel crossings such as bridges and pipe culverts should be required to improve water quality over unimproved fords. A northeasterly aspect of harvested areas was shown to be related to increased sediment delivery to streams, while surface roughness downslope from the skid trail system was shown to decrease sediment delivery.

Forest harvest equipment movement and sediment delivery to streams

We have developed a robust meteorological tower for deployment in locations with extreme conditions and for applications that require relatively maintenance-free structures. The basic design consists of a triangular base with two horizontal rails on each side, and uprights at the triangle vertices for various instrument configurations. The fabrication materials include 6061-T6 aluminum pipe (schedule 40 or 80), and cast aluminum connectors. The design is self-supporting, but may be guyed. Advantages of the design compared to conventional towers include easy assembly, readily available materials, easy adjustment for rugged location or terrain, transportable components by backpack, helicopter, boat, snowmobile, ATV or alternate method, and no need for concrete. Like all structures, the design is vulnerable to snow creep in deep-snow environs, but judicious site selection will mitigate this issue. We deployed these stations with minor variations in design in Alaska and Colorado, USA and on Baffin Island, Nunavut, Canada. The towers have survived relatively severe conditions in terms of cold temperature, wind, rime, and snow deposition. Locations have included subalpine, alpine, and arctic maritime environments. Regular data transmission has been achieved via satellite modem and satellite transmitter. We discuss design and installation.

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Meteorological tower design for severe weather and remote locations

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Meteorological tower design for severe weather and remote locations