and theoretical concerns of his later work arose out of the concrete issues raised in this study. The Structural Transf ormation of the Public Sphere is a historical-sociological account of the emergence, transformation, and disintegration of the bourgeois public sphere. It combines materials and methods from sociology and economics, law and political science, and social and cultural history in an effort to grasp the preconditions, structures, functions, and inner tensions of this central domain of modern society. As a sphere between civil society and the state, in which critical public discussion of matters of general interest was institutionally guaranteed, the liberal public sphere took shape in the specific historical circumstances of a developing market economy. In its clash with the arcane and bureaucratic practices of the absolutist state, the emergen I bourgeoisie gradually replaced a public sphere in which the ruler's power was merely represented before the people with a sphere in which state authority was publicly monitored through informed and critical discourse by the people. Habermas traces the interdependent development of the literary and political self-consciousness of this new class, weaving together accounts of the rise of the novel and of literary

The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere: An Inquiry into a Category of Bourgeois Society

The New Literary Middlebrow

Although literary tourism is not a new concept, the academic research in this field has not been able to reach adequate level since it has not come to the forefront yet as a tourism type in many parts of the world. This study aims at examining literary tourism as a field of research and determining its situation within tourism studies through a literature review. 132 articles over the period 1997-2016 included in the study were analysed regarding the journals they were published, research methods, research areas, literary tourism types and research themes by using content analysis technique. Although the study found that literary tourism is a wide-range academic field with its eight types and its relations with many tourism types and other social sciences as an interdisciplinary field, it also revealed academic research is limited except many regions of Europe. Literary tourism studies demonstrate that literary tourism has high research potential as an academic field since the results of studies show that literary tourism research cannot be generalised and they can vary according to literary figures. The studies also point out that literary tourism provides numerous benefits to destinations when developed as a special interest tourism type.

/pdf/literary-tourism-as-a-field-of-research-over-the-period-1997-3j0eofiomy.pdf

Literary Tourism as a Field of Research over the Period 1997-2016

The literary festival has been variously claimed to perform communicative, educative and social functions: it engages the public in literary and political discussions, thereby encouraging participation in ‘the Arts’ and promoting associated civic benefits. The audience of the literary festival, however, is typically represented as a body of populist and popularizing consumers, uncritically engaging with the mass-culture produced and propagated in the festival setting. Researchers have begun to refute such claims, demonstrating that members of festival audiences exhibit a deep and critical engagement with literature; but beyond this demographic-based research, little work has been conducted capable of interrogating audience experience, or mapping the broader culture of festival attendance. The diversity of literary festivals' sizes, locations, histories and stated goals is complemented by the equally broad ranges of programmed events. These events – and the festivals more broadly – are at once literary, th...

Conceptualizing audience experience at the literary festival

This conceptual paper uses a scenario planning process to facilitate possible futures for literary festivals, a form of festival tourism that has grown rapidly in the developed and developing countries of the world in the early decades of the 21st Century and which continues to grow towards 2050. The paper addresses this in the context of two significant cities, Shanghai—a megacity in China, and Melbourne, the capital city of Victoria, Australia. The paper offers two scenarios for literary festivals, one drawn from science fiction and the other from a process of prognosis. The aim of this work is to contribute to research in festival tourism studies by exploring the signposts and signals that may confer the future role, form and function of literature and the format and activity of literary festivals and literary festival tourism in a changing world. Utilizing signals and signposts, the work contributes to the body of work which seeks strategic responses to rapid change, rapid urbanization and pos...

/pdf/signals-and-signposts-of-the-future-literary-festival-gawo22n0bz.pdf

Signals and Signposts of the Future: Literary Festival Consumption in 2050

This thesis examines the culture of contemporary writers’ festivals in an international context. In the last five decades writers’ festivals have emerged in cities across the world, and during this time they have expanded their literary discussions and debates to include numerous other topics of broad interest to society. To examine the expanded popularity and function of writers’ festivals, this thesis establishes a new vantage point for theorising the content now typically generated by these events using concepts in urban festivals and public culture research. Importantly, the new vantage point addresses the limitations of current commentary on writers’ festivals which routinely claim they trivialize literature, and more generally, contribute to the decline of public culture. 
The thesis presents two case studies: one on the Brisbane Writers Festival in Australia and the other on the International Festival of Authors in Toronto, Canada. The first case study, which focuses on the 2007 Brisbane Writers Festival, illustrates the many overlapping and often conflicting discourses as well as opinions productively discussed and debated at writers’ festivals. Key topic discussed and debated at the Festival include local topics about the host city—its history, literature and politics, as well as broader literary, political and celebrity culture topics. The diversity of topics discussed at the 2007 Brisbane Writers Festival is typical of the majority of writers’ festivals similarly located outside the largest geographic centres of global literary production and circulation, and designated as ‘peripheral’ festivals in this research. 
The second case study on Toronto’s International Festival of Authors examines the ways in which the 2006 Festival almost exclusively focussed on literary and celebrity culture discourses, and promoted itself on these terms. The 2006 International Festival of Authors’ discussion and debate of a narrow range of topics is typical of the few writers’ festivals located in global centres of literary production and circulation, and unlike ‘peripheral’ festivals they are not experiencing the same growth in number or popularity. The aim of these ‘international’ Festivals is not to democratise their elite literary beginnings, but rather to promote ‘literature’ as a niche brand for quality writing that is valid on a global scale. This thesis will assert that while all writers’ festivals are influenced by the marketing desires of publishing companies, the aim of international writers’ festivals in marketing to a virtually and globally connected elite literary audience makes them more susceptible to experiencing declines in audience and author participation.

The Culture: of Contemporary Writers' Festivals

In the last half century, writers’ festivals have flourished in number, popularity and geographic reach Beyond their places of origin in England, Australia and Canada, writers’ festivals have proliferated in other Anglo as well as non-Anglo countries, including Germany, China, Thailand, Israel, Spain, and Kenya During this 50-year period, writers’ festivals have also expanded their initial function as events for creative writers to meet, to become important sites of public culture that address the issues of creative writing as well as ideas of broader interest: especially ideas about place, politics and the products of celebrity culture (Stewart, “We Call upon the Author to Explain”) This chapter explores the nature of these events, and presents them in an international topography using world literature (Casanova) and public culture (Carter and Ferres) theory The chapter also situates writers’ festivals within the realities and practices of today’s globalized book publishing industry (Lee, Nash, Crocker, Raccah) Reflecting on this topography, the chapter concludes by considering the future for this global network of writers’ festivals in an environment where the publishing industry is being disintermediated by the rise of digital technologies

The Rise and Rise of Writers' Festivals

This paper outlines a new vantage point for theorising today’s writers’ festivals as significant sites of contemporary public culture. Increasingly writers’ festivals claim to be both popular and important sites of public discussion and debate, and this paper’s empirical analysis of the 2007 Brisbane Writers Festival bears out these qualities. Yet, this Festival also positions itself as a thinking person’s alternative to the ‘unstoppable urge in TV and newspapers towards providing infotainment’, and claims ‘people are looking to our writers for the tools with which to think, not to be told what to think’ (Campbell, Making Sense of Our World). Addressing the mix of claims made for the 2007 Brisbane Writers Festival, as well as analysing the the topics discussed at the Festival, this paper examines the Festival’s multiple public culture roles and functions. Included in the topics discussed at the Festival are those typically produced and ciruclated in the media such as celebrity culture, and rather than viewing this content as trivialising and manipulative─as many critics of writers’ festivals have done─this paper illustrates how the media extended the 2007 Brisbane Writers Festival’s public culture function.

https://openjournals.library.sydney.edu.au/index.php/JASAL/article/download/9619/9508

We Call Upon the Author to Explain: Theorising Writers' Festivals as Sites of Contemporary Public Culture

This paper describes a design-led workshop using a tangible modelling technique to actively construct an Open Innovation (OI) ecosystem. The purpose was to explore how such collaborative ecosystems can be intentionally designed. The technique allowed the development of memorable metaphors that enriched a discussion on the application of OI. The results emphasise the importance of understanding ecosystem stakeholder identities, and how this knowledge can be used to anticipate potential barriers to delivering value. Our work provides a set of principles for value creation and relationship management by an OI ecosystem, and will interest those seeking to navigate OI practices through a design-led approach.

/pdf/designing-an-open-innovation-orchestrator-the-case-of-1u7h2uggsz.pdf

Designing an Open Innovation Orchestrator: the case of Australia’s Advanced Robotics for Manufacturing (ARM) Hub

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The Culture: of Contemporary Writers' Festivals

The Rise and Rise of Writers' Festivals

We Call Upon the Author to Explain: Theorising Writers' Festivals as Sites of Contemporary Public Culture

Designing an Open Innovation Orchestrator: the case of Australia’s Advanced Robotics for Manufacturing (ARM) Hub