The Insects has been the standard textbook in the field since the first edition published over forty years ago. Building on the strengths of Chapman's original text, this long-awaited 5th edition has been revised and expanded by a team of eminent insect physiologists, bringing it fully up-to-date for the molecular era. The chapters retain the successful structure of the earlier editions, focusing on particular functional systems rather than taxonomic groups and making it easy for students to delve into topics without extensive knowledge of taxonomy. The focus is on form and function, bringing together basic anatomy and physiology and examining how these relate to behaviour. This, combined with nearly 600 clear illustrations, provides a comprehensive understanding of how insects work. Now also featuring a richly illustrated prologue by George McGavin, this is an essential text for students, researchers and applied entomologists alike.

The insects: structure and function.

The Insects by R. F. Chapman

The understanding of the physiology of learning is dominated by two basically different hypotheses. The deterministic view, following Hebb’s (1949) concept of the memory engram, presupposes a memory groove which is built during memory formation by the adaptive change of a relatively small number of reacting sites or switch points. These so-called ’switchpoint theories’ or ‘place theories’ assume that memory involves a discrete set of cells reserved for the special function of information storage (Young 1964; Eccles 1964; Ungar 1970). The non-deterministic or statistical theory is based on Lashley’s (1950) findings which suggest that all, or nearly all, stored information is distributed throughout the whole association cortex rather than by distinct association paths or centres. The individual neuronal switch points may then be involved in the storage of many different memory traces (John 1967, 1972). The two views are similar in that they take the adaptivity of single synapses between neurones as the basic modifiable component of the nervous system (Eccles and McIntyre 1953; Eccles 1964; Ungar 1970; John 1972). They differ, however, in their conception of the gross structure of the memory system. The crucial problem, then, is to locate the stored information. The spatio-temporal pattern of activity during memory formation produces a localised change in the excitability of specific neurones. It should be possible to find such neurones using the same techniques as have been employed for the location of units in the sensory integration centres.

https://www.jneurosci.org/content/jneuro/15/3/1617.full.pdf

Learning and memory in the honeybee

Reward learning in honeybees initiates a sequence of events which leads to long-lasting memory passing through multiple phases of transient memories. The study of memory dynamics is performed at the behavioral (both natural foraging behavior and appetitive conditioning), neural circuit and molecular levels. The results of these combined efforts lead to a model which assumes five kinds of sequential memories, each characterized by a set of behavioral and mechanistic properties. It is argued that these properties, although reflecting general characteristics of step-wise memory formation, are adapted to the species-specific adaptations in natural behavior, here to foraging at scattered and unreliable food sources.

Memory dynamics in the honeybee

Development and experience lead to increased volume of subcompartments of the honeybee mushroom body

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Development and experience lead to increased volume of subcompartments of the honeybee mushroom body