Electrochemistry of graphene and related materials.

Graphene-based nanomaterials are in the forefront of chemical research. This tutorial review provides an introduction to their electrochemistry, its fundamentals and applications. Selected examples of applications in energy storage and sensing are presented. The synthetic methods for preparing graphenes as well as their materials chemistry are thoroughly discussed, as they have a profound influence on the electronic and electrochemical behavior of graphene-related nanomaterials. Inherent electrochemistry and spectroelectrochemistry of graphene nanomaterials is discussed thoroughly. Important application in sensing and energy storage areas are highlighted.

Graphene-based nanomaterials and their electrochemistry

Graphene, a two-dimensional atomically thick carbon atom arranged in a honeycomb lattice, was recently isolated by repeatedly peeling highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) using sticky tape. [ 1 ] Since then, outstanding physical properties predicted and measured for graphene have been explored for practical applications such as fi eld-effect transistors, [ 1–4 ] chemical sensors [ 5–7 ] and composite reinforcement. [ 8–10 ] Monolayer graphene possesses high crystallographic quality and ballistic electron transport on the micrometer scale with only 2.3% of light absorption. [ 11 , 12 ] Moreover, the combination of its high chemical and thermal stability, [ 13 , 14 ] high stretchability, [ 15–17 ]

Graphene as Transparent Electrode Material for Organic Electronics

Stretchable electronics are attracting intensive attention due to their promising applications in many areas where electronic devices undergo large deformation and/or form intimate contact with curvilinear surfaces. On the other hand, a plethora of nanomaterials with outstanding properties have emerged over the past decades. The understanding of nanoscale phenomena, materials, and devices has progressed to a point where substantial strides in nanomaterial-enabled applications become realistic. This review summarizes recent advances in one such application, nanomaterial-enabled stretchable conductors (one of the most important components for stretchable electronics) and related stretchable devices (e.g., capacitive sensors, supercapacitors and electroactive polymer actuators), over the past five years. Focusing on bottom-up synthesized carbon nanomaterials (e.g., carbon nanotubes and graphene) and metal nanomaterials (e.g., metal nanowires and nanoparticles), this review provides fundamental insights into the strategies for developing nanomaterial-enabled highly conductive and stretchable conductors. Finally, some of the challenges and important directions in the area of nanomaterial-enabled stretchable conductors and devices are discussed.

Nanomaterial‐Enabled Stretchable Conductors: Strategies, Materials and Devices

Graphene, an atomically thin two-dimensional carbonaceous material, has attracted tremendous attention in the scientific community, due to its exceptional electronic, electrical, and mechanical properties. Indeed, with the recent explosion of methods for a large-scale synthesis of graphene, the number of publications related to graphene and other graphene based materials has increased exponentially. Particularly the development of easy preparation methods for graphene like materials, such as highly reduced graphene oxide (HRG) via reduction of graphite oxide (GO), offers a wide range of possibilities for the preparation of graphene based inorganic nanocomposites by the incorporation of various functional nanomaterials for a variety of applications. In this review, we discuss the current development of graphene based metal and metal oxide nanocomposites, with a detailed account of their synthesis and properties. Specifically, much attention has been given to their wide range of applications in various fields, including electronics, electrochemical and electrical fields. Overall, by the inclusion of various references, this review covers in detail the aspects of graphene-based inorganic nanocomposites.

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Graphene based metal and metal oxide nanocomposites: synthesis, properties and their applications

Graphene-based optically transparent electrodes for spectroelectrochemistry in the UV-Vis region.

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Graphene-based optically transparent electrodes for spectroelectrochemistry in the UV-Vis region.