物件導向軟體之架構(Object-Oriented Software Construction)探討

[서평]「The Unified Modeling Language User Guide」

A general purpose graphical modeling language used to specify, analyze, and design systems that may include hardware, software, and personnel, SysML is now being adopted by companies across a broad range of industries, including aerospace and defense, automotive, and IT system developers. This book is the bestselling, authoritative guide to SysML for systems and software engineers, providing a comprehensive and practical resource for modeling systems with SysML. Fully updated to cover newly released version 1.3, it includes a full description of the modeling language along with a quick reference guide, and shows how an organization or project can transition to model-based systems engineering using SysML, with considerations for processes, methods, tools, and training. Numerous examples to help readers understand how SysML can be used in practice, while reference material facilitates studying for the OMG Systems Modeling Professional (OCSMP) Certification Program, designed to test candidates' knowledge of SysML and their ability to use models to represent real-world systems.



Authoritative and comprehensive guide to understanding and implementing SysML
A quick reference guide, including language descriptions and practical examples
Application of model-based methodologies to solve complex system problems
Guidance on transitioning to model-based systems engineering using SysML
Preparation guide for OMG Certified Systems Modeling Professional (OCSMP)

Table of Contents


Part I Introduction


Systems Engineering Overview

Model-Based Systems Engineering3 SysML Language Overview

SysML Language Overview

Part II Language Description 

SysML Language Architecture

Organizing the Model with Packages

Modeling Structure with Blocks 

Modeling Constraints with Parametrics

Modeling Flow-Based Behavior with Activities

Modeling Message-Based Behavior with Interactions

Modeling Event-Based Behavior with State Machines

Modeling Functionality with Use Cases

Modeling Text-Based Requirements and their Relationship?to Design

Modeling Cross-Cutting Relationships with Allocations

Customizing SysML for Specific Domains 

Part III Modeling Examples 

Water Distiller Example Using Functional Analysis

Residential Security System Example Using the Object-Oriented Systems Engineering Method

Part IV Transitioning to Model-Based Systems Engineering 

Integrating SysML into a Systems Development Environment

Deploying SysML into an Organization


APPENDIXES

A-1 SysML Reference Guide

A-2 Cross Reference Guide to the OMG Systems Modeling Professional Certification Program (OCSMP) - NEW

A Practical Guide to SysML: The Systems Modeling Language

This paper focuses on the challenges of modeling cyber-physical systems (CPSs) that arise from the intrinsic heterogeneity, concurrency, and sensitivity to timing of such systems. It uses a portion of an aircraft vehicle management system (VMS), specifically the fuel management subsystem, to illustrate the challenges, and then discusses technologies that at least partially address the challenges. Specific technologies described include hybrid system modeling and simulation, concurrent and heterogeneous models of computation, the use of domain-specific ontologies to enhance modularity, and the joint modeling of functionality and implementation architectures.

Modeling Cyber–Physical Systems

Product design is a highly involved, often ill-defined, complex and iterative process, and the needs and specifications of the required artifact get more refined only as the design process moves toward its goal. An effective computer support tool that helps the designer make better-informed decisions requires efficient knowledge representation schemes. In today's world, there is a virtual explosion in the amount of raw data available to the designer, and knowledge representation is critical in order to sift through this data and make sense of it. In addition, the need to stay competitive has shrunk product development time through the use of simultaneous and collaborative design processes, which depend on effective transfer of knowledge between teams. Finally, the awareness that decisions made early in the design process have a higher impact in terms of energy, cost, and sustainability, has resulted in the need to project knowledge typically required in the later stages of design to the earlier stages. Research in design rationale systems, product families, systems engineering, and ontology engineering has sought to capture knowledge from earlier product design decisions, from the breakdown of product functions and associated physical features, and from customer requirements and feedback reports. VR (Virtual reality) systems and multidisciplinary modeling have enabled the simulation of scenarios in the manufacture, assembly, and use of the product. This has helped capture vital knowledge from these stages of the product life and use it in design validation and testing. While there have been considerable and significant developments in knowledge capture and representation in product design, it is useful to sometimes review our position in the area, study the evolution of research in product design, and from past and current trends, try and foresee future developments. The goal of this paper is thus to review both our understanding of the field and the support tools that exist for the purpose, and identify the trends and possible directions research can evolve in the future.

/pdf/the-evolution-challenges-and-future-of-knowledge-2l8tzvf3b5.pdf

The evolution, challenges, and future of knowledge representation in product design systems

Flow models underlie popular programming languages and many graphical behavior specification tools. However, their semantics is typically ambiguous, causing miscommunication between modelers and unexpected implementation results. This article introduces a way to disambiguate common flow modeling constructs, by expressing their semantics as constraints on runtime sequences of behavior execution. It also shows that reduced ambiguity enables more powerful modeling abstractions, such as partial behavior specifications. The runtime representation considered in this paper uses the Process Specification Language (PSL), which is defined in first-order logic, making it amenable to automated reasoning. The activity diagrams of the Unified Modeling Language are used for example flow models.

PSL: A semantic domain for flow models

Ontological product modeling for collaborative design

This is the fifth in a series introducing the activity model in the Unified Modeling Language, version 2 (UML 2), and how it integrates with the action model [1]. The first article gives an overview of activities and actions [2], while the next three cover actions generally, control nodes, and object nodes. This one describes partitions, which are a way of grouping actions that have some characteristic in common. In particular, they can relate actions to classes that are responsible for them, and highlight the abstraction that activities provide for interaction diagrams and state machines.

UML 2 Activity and Action Models

This article describes activity modeling as specified by the Systems Modeling Language (as specified by the SysML Merge Team, , February 2006) and the finalization of the Unified Modeling Language version 2 (UML 2). It reviews and updates an earlier proposed alignment between Enhanced Functional Flow Block Diagrams (EFFBD), UML 2 Activities, and requirements developed by the International Council on Systems Engineering and Object Management Group. It presents a spectrum of activity modeling techniques, ranging from a widely used systems engineering diagram, the EFFBD, to continuous flow modeling. The techniques include control capabilities, continuous system concepts, and others related to functional decomposition and allocation. The article also describes refinements of activity modeling concepts identified during SysML development. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Eng 9:160–186, 2006This article is a US Government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America. Commercial equipment and materials might be identified to adequately specify certain procedures. In no case does such identification imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose.

SysML and UML 2 support for activity modeling

This report presents a revised version of the Core Product Model (CPM) initially reported in [1]. The initial CPM was intended to provide a base-level product model that is: not tied to any specific application or software; open; non-proprietary; simple; generic; expandable; independent of any product development process; and capable of capturing all product information shared throughout the product’s lifecycle. The revisions presented continue to support these intentions. The objectives of the report are: (1) to document the changes in the CPM relative to the initial version; (2) to describe in detail the revised CPM, represented as a UML class diagram; (3) to show, through Java and XML implementations, how the CPM can be used as the basis, or organizing principle, of a product information-modeling framework that can support the full range of product design information; and (4) to present a rational, model-based process for converting a CPM supporting the early conceptual phases of design into an implementation-level operational database support system. UML, XML and Java representations of the model are presented so as to provide interoperability with other models. A case study example is discussed and its XML representation is presented and analyzed to illustrate the principal elements of the revised CPM.

CPM 2: A Revised Core Product Model for Representing Design Information

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