Introduction Part I. Philosophy: 1. Promises 2. Offer and acceptance 3. Obligation 4. Practical reason 5. Intention and other topics 6. Intervention by the state Part II. Law: 7. Contract 8. Competition 9. Conspiracy.

Agreements: A Philosophical and Legal Study

/pdf/john-locke-on-obligation-sensation-reflection-and-the-4ffy1vq41d.pdf

John Locke on obligation: Sensation, reflection, and the natural duty to consent

John Rawls's A Theory of Justice was published in December 1971 and has already established itself as a landmark. No other philosophical work, in our time or before, has, to my knowledge, excited so much attention in so short a time and in such varied circles. Clearly the book answers to a set of needs that have just recently surfaced, and it was published at just the right time to benefit from changing directions in philosophy and other areas of intellectual life brought on by enormous and accelerating changes in social conditions and concerns, by the disaster of Vietnam, and by the sense that something serious and sufficient must be done to counter the increasing fragmentation of knowledge and the divorce of science from society. Rawls gives one the sense of putting it all together; of seeing things clearly and seeing them whole; of joining together again economics, jurisprudence, and social and moral theory; and of putting philosophy to work once again in the service of society and humanity. In particular, he gives one the sense that there can be a science of justice, of morality, and of values. Although some of the extraordinary attention the book has received may be the result of accidental factors that it simply happened to coincide with, I have little doubt, for what it is worth, that it will come to rank as one of the philosophical classics. Yet it is uncommonly difficult to read and to follow, and is dense in more than one sense of that available word. As Rawls himself says, it "is a long book, not only in pages" (viii). Rawls's desire to get everything in, to present a total theory, sometimes results in obscuring the essential points. Likewise with his penchant for obiter dicta, and for repetition, which is sometimes not so much repetition as variation. The book is rich in ideas, and any discussion of it must be severely restricted to be comprehensible. On the present occasion I will concentrate

Justice, Theory, and a Theory of Justice

This essay argues that there can be a duty to obey the law when it is produced by the evolutionary forces at work in the customary and common law. Human beings' inherent epistemic limitations mean that they must rely on the trial and error learning built into the common law process to discover rules that facilitate peaceful social interaction. Hence, a duty to obey the law produced by the common law process can arise from individuals' natural duty to promote social peace. This argument cannot be extended to ground political obligation. It does not give rise to a duty to obey the state.

https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S0265052513000216

Is there a moral duty to obey the law

In The Concept of Law, H.L.A. Hart suggested that four formal features of morality distinguish it from law: importance, immunity from deliberate change, the nature of moral offences and the form of moral pressure. On closer examination, none of these supposed features clearly distinguishes morality from law, at least in the broad sense of ‘morality’ that Hart adopted. However, a fifth feature of morality mentioned by Hart – namely the role that morality plays in practical reasoning as a source of ultimate standards for assessing human conduct – does illuminate the relationship between law as conceptualised by Hart and morality variously understood. Because morality has this feature, law is always subject to moral assessment, and moral reasons trump legal reasons. It does not follow, however, that law is irrelevant to moral reasoning.

/pdf/morality-law-and-conflicting-reasons-for-action-3c9qq9qjsv.pdf

Morality, law and conflicting reasons for action

Moral and Legal Obligation

The authority of the moral agent

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Moral and Legal Obligation

The authority of the moral agent