The Stern ReviewA Report by Baroness Vivien Stern CBE of an Independent Review into How Rape Complaints are Handled by Public Authorities in England and WalesGovernment Equalities OfficeHome Office Crown Copyright 2010 (301054)

Changes in carbon stocks and its economic valuation under a changing land use pattern—A multitemporal study in Konar catchment, India

Recent modelling of the costs and benefits of climate change has renewed debate surrounding assumptions regarding the social discount rate in analysing the impacts of environmental change. Previous literature segments the social discount rate into being influenced by two key factors; the rate of pure time preference and the elasticity of marginal utility of future consumption. These components of the social discount rate reinforce the linkages between the choice of social discount rate and intergenerational distribution. In an extension of previous work by the author on intergenerational distributional preferences, this paper discusses the relationship between intergenerational equity and the social discount rate. The work has significant policy implications given the sensitivity of Cost Benefit Analysis outcomes to assumptions regarding the social discount rate.

Decomposing the social discount rate

. The Azores are an active volcanic region that offers
exceptional conditions for nature-based tourism, one of the main axes of
economic growth in the archipelago. A future volcanic eruption may have
long-term consequences to this economic sector. Therefore, it is fundamental
to assess its vulnerability to volcanic hazards in order to try to mitigate
the associated risk. This study proposes a new approach to assessing the
economic impact of explosive eruptions on the tourism sector. We considered
two eruptive scenarios for Fogo volcano (Sao Miguel Island), the most
probable (Volcanic Explosivity Index, VEI, 4 sub-Plinian eruption) and the worst-case (VEI 5 Plinian
eruption), both producing tephra fallout and pyroclastic density currents.
The results of numerical simulations were overlaid with tourism-related
buildings and infrastructure of Vila Franca do Campo municipality to
identify the elements at risk. The loss present value method was used to
estimate the benefits generated by the accommodation units over 30 years for
different economic scenarios. The assessment of the economic impact using
2018 indicators reveals that in a near-total-destruction scenario, the
economic loss is approximately EUR 145 million (considering a 2 %
discount rate). This approach can also be applied to other volcanic regions,
geologic hazards and economic sectors.

/pdf/assessing-the-impact-of-explosive-eruptions-of-fogo-volcano-16acshjyhf.pdf

Assessing the impact of explosive eruptions of Fogo volcano (São Miguel, Azores) on the tourism economy

The purpose of the paper is to present an example for the electrification of rural Africa. We will discuss the preconditions, necessities and obstacles of building a solar power plant in rural Niger. For the energy supply of a small village in West Africa a solar pilot plant (20 kWp solar plant with battery storage) is installed. This energy hub makes it possible to provide solar-powered electricity for the town, operate a (ground) water pumping system-delivering water for households and for irrigation of fields. The aim of the paper is to determine the social and individual welfare effects of the new energy system. Therefore, the social well-being of the village is analysed by the social return on investment (LSROI) model. The analysis starts with an empirical survey of the households of the village. The villagers were asked to assess the benefits of the new solar power plant investment for their household and for the whole village. Investment and household valuation are intertemporal decisions whose consequences occur at different points in time, and social actors may have different time preferences. Therefore, two different discount methods are considered. The classical standard discounting model for the technical investment and the hyperbolic discounting for the discounting of the utility of the pilot plant for the households. Four different time preference rates (0%, 1%, 5%, 10%) are used to capture different risk assumptions caused by the current global and local risks (rising energy and food prices, corona pandemic, climate change, water scarcity) and defining thereby the social time preference space. The social return on investment model determines the social return on investment for the households of the village. By rising the time preference rate from 0% to 10% a significant decline of the social benefits of the solar pilot plant can be determined. The global and local risks will rise the time preference rate of the villagers because the present becomes more and more difficult to manage and the visible future is reduced. Hence, the social revenues of the pilot plant decrease over time. 

pdf/measuring-the-social-welfare-of-a-solar-power-plant-in-west-4wdeb1wvju.pdf

Measuring the social welfare of a solar power plant in west africa - a social return on investment (sroi) model

An analysis of the long-term social discount rate and the valuation of large environmental losses using non-monetary tradeoffs

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An analysis of the long-term social discount rate and the valuation of large environmental losses using non-monetary tradeoffs