Dielectric polymer nanocomposites are rapidly emerging as novel materials for a number of advanced engineering applications. In this Review, we present a comprehensive review of the use of ferroelectric polymers, especially PVDF and PVDF-based copolymers/blends as potential components in dielectric nanocomposite materials for high energy density capacitor applications. Various parameters like dielectric constant, dielectric loss, breakdown strength, energy density, and flexibility of the polymer nanocomposites have been thoroughly investigated. Fillers with different shapes have been found to cause significant variation in the physical and electrical properties. Generally, one-dimensional and two-dimensional nanofillers with large aspect ratios provide enhanced flexibility versus zero-dimensional fillers. Surface modification of nanomaterials as well as polymers adds flavor to the dielectric properties of the resulting nanocomposites. Nowadays, three-phase nanocomposites with either combination of fillers...

Recent Progress on Ferroelectric Polymer-Based Nanocomposites for High Energy Density Capacitors: Synthesis, Dielectric Properties, and Future Aspects.

Mechanics of dielectric elastomer structures: A review

Exceptional dielectric properties of chlorine-doped graphene oxide/poly (vinylidene fluoride) nanocomposites

Dielectric, mechanical and electro-stimulus response properties studies of polyurethane dielectric elastomer modified by carbon nanotube-graphene nanosheet hybrid fillers

Abstract All-organic high dielectric materials are highly required in the field of modern electronic industry and energy storage. In this work, all-organic polyimide/polysulfone composite films with different amounts of PSF (PI/PSF-X) were prepared by in situ polymerization followed by film casting and thermal treatment. The dielectric, mechanical and thermal properties of these PI/PSF-X composite films are characterized by dielectric measurement, tensile test, thermogravimetric analysis and dynamic mechanical analysis. The results suggest that the PI/PSF-X composite films have good dielectric properties, good mechanical properties and excellent thermal properties, which are suitable for applications in electronic devices in harsh environments, especially in high-temperature environments.

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Dielectric, mechanical and thermal properties of all-organic PI/PSF composite films by in situ polymerization

A nanocomposite of polyurethane (PU) containing 8.78 vol% chemically bonded copper phthalocyanine oligomers (CuPc) was developed. At 100 Hz, the nanocomposite film exhibits a dielectric constant of 391. Under an electric field of 10 V μm−1, a strain of 17.7% and an elastic energy density of 0.927 J cm−3 can be achieved. CuPc particle size had a very important role in the enhancement of the electric properties.

Enhanced dielectric behavior in nanocomposites of polyurethane bonded with copper phthalocyanine oligomers

All-organic three-component composites were fabricated by embedding conductive polyaniline (PANI) into a dielectrically enhanced matrix of poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene- chlorofluoroethylene) [P(VDF–TrFE–CFE)] with both chemically grafted and physically blended copper phthalocyanine oligomer (CuPc). Dielectric behavior of the composites with different volume fraction of dispersed PANI phase can be described by percolation theory. One of such composites with the PANI content close to the percolation threshold (f
 c = 0.146) has a dielectric constant 516 and a loss factor of 0.51 at 100 Hz, and the breakdown field is 28.0 MV/m. The composite remains very flexible with an elastic modulus close to that of the parent copolymer.

P(VDF–TrFE–CFE)-based percolative composites exhibiting significantly enhanced dielectric properties

For a dielectric elastomer, increasing its dielectric constant substantially could lead to a high electric field induced strain under a low operation field. In this work, high dielectric constant nanocomposites were developed by chemically bonding copper phthalocyanine oligomer (CuPc), a high dielectric constant organic semiconductor, to polyurethane (PU). Transmission electron microscope-observed morphologies revealed that the sizes of CuPc particles in a nanocomposite of PU attached with 8.78 vol.% of CuPc were in the range of 10–20 nm, much smaller than the sizes (250–600 nm) in physical blend of PU with the same volume fraction of CuPc. At 100 Hz, the nanocomposite film exhibited a dielectric constant of 391, representing a more than 60 times increase with respect to the neat PU. The enhanced dielectric response in the nanocomposite makes it possible to induce a high electromechanical response. A strain of 17.7% and an elastic energy density of 0.927 J/cm3 were achieved under an electric field of 10 V/µm. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

All-organic nanocomposites of functionalized polyurethane with enhanced dielectric and electroactive strain behavior: NANOCOMPOSITES WITH ENHANCED DIELECTRIC BEHAVIOR

To develop a high-dielectric constant composite of poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) [P(VDF-TrFE)] and multi-walled carbon-nanotubes (MWCNTs) with desirable homogeneity, MWCNTs were treated with a nitro-sulfuric acid by ultrasonication. The chemically modified MWCNTs (a-MWCNTs) were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and a back-titration procedure. Improvement of the dispersibility of a-MWCNTs in polymer matrix, in comparison with unmodified MWCNTs in P(VDF-TrFE), was confirmed by field emission scanning electron microscopy. Electric behavior of the composites with different volume fraction of dispersed carbon nanotubes can be described by percolation theory, as well as the Maxwell–Wagner–Sillars mechanism. The percolation threshold (f
 c
 ) of composites with a-MWCNTs (f
 c
  = 0.0308) is larger than that of composites with MWCNTs (f
 c
  = 0.0216) due to better dispersion of a-MWCNTs in matrix and the reduction of aspect ratio of a-MWCNTs occurred in the modification procedure. The composite with 2.98 vol% (close to the percolation threshold) of a-MWCNTs has a dielectric constant of 592 at 100 Hz and room temperature.

High-dielectric constant percolative composite of P(VDF-TrFE) and modified multi-walled carbon-nanotubes

Abstract To develop a high dielectric constant composite of poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) [P(VDF-TrFE)] and multi-walled carbon-nanotubes (MWCNTs) with desirable homogeneity, MWCNTs were treated with a nitro-sulfuric acid by ultrasonication. Improvement of the dispersibility of chemically modified MWCNTs (a-MWCNTs) in polymer matrix, in comparison with that of unmodified MWCNTs in P(VDF-TrFE), was confirmed by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM)-observed morphologies. Electric behavior of the composites with different volume fraction of dispersed carbon nanotubes phase can be described mainly by percolation theory. The percolation threshold (fc) of composites with a-MWCNTs (fc=0.0308) is larger than that of composites with MWCNTs (fc=0.0216) due to better dispersion of a-MWCNTs in polymer matrix and the reduction of aspect ratio of a-MWCNTs occurred in the modification procedure. The composite with 2.98 vol% (a volume fraction close to the percolation threshold) of a-MWCNTs has a dielectric constant of 592 at 100Hz and room temperature. The composite remains very flexible with an elastic modulus close to that of the parent copolymer.

Significantly enhanced dielectric response in composite of P(VDF-TrFE) and modified multi-walled carbon-nanotubes

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