The continuously innovated topologies of the nonisolated multiphase dc–dc converter (NMDC) demand generalized and flexible models for the controller design. However, the increased phase number, coupling of inductors, stray circuit parameters, and asymmetric problems make the modeling work difficult. In this paper, a novel switching period averaging method aiming to simplify the modeling process is proposed. The method takes full advantage of the linear characteristic of the circuit differential equations to find out the relationship between averaged state variables and switch duty cycles. Then, the generalized model applicable to several different topologies of the NMDC is derived. The analytical solutions of steady-state model, dynamic model in both time and frequency domain are all approached. In order to verify the results, a MATLAB/Simulink model and the corresponding experimental prototype of a four-phase boost converter with two groups of two-phase coupled inductors are built. Both results coincide with the theoretical derivation, which indicates the effectiveness of the proposed method. Finally, a design process of the $H_{\infty}$ controller for the NMDC is presented to show the application of this model.

A Generalized Model of Nonisolated Multiphase DC–DC Converter Based on Novel Switching Period Averaging Method

Digital control in modular masterless multi -phase microprocessor power supplies

In multiphase synchronous buck converters, the parallel structure is used for the voltage and current sharing regulation loops to improve high bandwidth. Mismatch among the multiple regulation loops result in competition among voltage and current regulation loops, until one or more loops goes into saturation. Competition control approaches are designed to keep the loops from saturation and reach to a steady state operating point with all loops active adaptively. Such steady state operation can be reached adaptively even with load transients and environmental variations.

Digital control approaches to mitigate the impact of loop competition in multiphase DC-DC converter

The nonisolated multiphase dc–dc converter (NMDC) has important research value and broad application prospect in fields such as smart grid and new energy vehicles because of its high power density and low output ripple. However, with the increase of the phase number, the parameter inconsistency among each phase will make the NMDC model quite complex. Moreover, parameter uncertainty and quadratic nonlinearity in the small-signal model can degrade control system performance, leading to a big challenge in controller design. In this paper, the generalized robust control model and the method of robust controller designing of NMDC concerning parameter uncertainty and quadratic nonlinearity is developed. Firstly, parameter uncertainty is described by convex polyhedra model. Secondly, the Lyapunov theorem is applied to solve the linear and quadratic nonliearity of the control model. Finally, with the method of Linear Matrix Inequality (LMI) region pole configuration, the analytical solution of the control model is achieved. Based on the proposed model, the independent control of NMDC with reduced sensors, including current sharing, flexible power distribution and robust control of the NMDC are realized. Both simulation and experimental results verify the effectiveness of the controller. Compared with traditional controller, the controller proposed in this paper can be stable in more complicated working conditions, and has a faster adjustment time, suitable for multiple topologies as well.

https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9668973/09696305.pdf

Robustness Analysis and Controller Design Based on a Generalized Model of Nonisolated Multiphase DC–DC Converter

This paper describes a current sharing technique for digitally controlled multiphase buck DC-DC converters. The effective duty cycle mismatches and resistance mismatches are digitally compensated to achieve equal current sharing without sensing currents. Effects of various non-idealities on the current sharing performance are discussed. Experimental results are shown for a four-phase synchronous buck converter with 9V input voltage, and 1.5 V, 0–1.5A output.

Sensorless current sharing in digitally controlled multiphase buck DC-DC converters

This paper presents a digital control and design and implementation of a multiphase DC-DC converter with a given set of performance specifications. First, the open loop transfer functions of a two-phase converter are derived. Digital voltage mode control is applied for voltage regulation, and digital active current sharing method is designed to obtain the average phase current. Then, digital controller is designed using different control design approaches. Simulation and experiment are used to verify the designed controller meets system specifications within the given parameter distributions.

Modeling and implementation of a digitally controlled multiphase DC-DC converter

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Modeling and implementation of a digitally controlled multiphase DC-DC converter