Assessment of thermodynamic performance and CO2 emission reduction for a supersonic precooled turbine engine cycle fueled with a new green fuel of ammonia

Methanol steam reforming over highly efficient CuO–Al2O3 nanocatalysts synthesized by the solid-state mechanochemical method

Performance assessment for a novel supersonic turbine engine with variable geometry and fuel precooled: From feasibility, exergy, thermoeconomic perspectives

Thermodynamic analysis for a novel chemical precooling turbojet engine based on a multi-stage precooling-compression cycle

Liquid hydrogen storage is one of the effective hydrogen storage methods due to its high density of 70.8 kg/m3 compared to gaseous hydrogen of 0.0838 kg/m3 at atmospheric pressure. Liquid hydrogen requires cryogenic storage technology, which minimizes heat flux by stacking multiple insulation layers in a high vacuum (10−1–10−5 Pa). However, large-scale tanks use a medium vacuum (100–10−1 Pa) to reduce maintenance expenses. Solid insulation is applied to prevent liquefaction of residual gas up to 150 K, followed by the stacking of multilayer insulation (MLI) with a vapor−cooling shield (VCS) to minimize the insulation thickness. In this study, a numerical model was developed to calculate the heat flux of a storage tank based on the physical tank shape. The insulation thickness was also optimized for two insulation systems (solid insulation + MLI and solid insulation + MLI + VCS). Optimal VCS placement on solid insulation, determined through sensitivity analysis, reduces 64.2 % of MLI layers under 5 Pa vacuum pressure. Total insulation thickness reduction of 51.4 % at 1 Pa vacuum pressure was obtained based on a hydrogen storage tank volume of 4200 m3. The effects of insulation thickness reduction are remained even when the vacuum pressure is increased to 5 Pa. 

Numerical modeling and optimization of thermal insulation for liquid hydrogen storage tanks

Performance comparison of three chemical precooled turbine engine cycles using methanol and n-decane as the precooling fuels

The SOFC-Engine hybrid system is considered suitable as a marine power system due to its impressive attributes, including high efficiency and effective adaptability to variable loads. Combined with the ORC system and methanol fuel, the system's efficiency and carbon reduction can be taken to the next level. This study introduces a novel solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC)-Engine-Organic Rankine cycle (ORC) hybrid power generation system that operates on methanol. Rigorous assessments were conducted utilizing energy analysis, exergetic analysis, and exergoeconomic analysis. These evaluations aimed to pinpoint precise strategies for enhancing system efficiency while curbing expenses. The results show that the power generation efficiency of the hybrid system is 61.86%, and the exergy efficiency was 58.06%. Notably, the air preheater and engine emerge as components causing substantial exergy losses. Through exergoeconomic analysis, the exergy cost distribution across all system parts was unveiled. The reformer's exergoeconomic factor registers the highest at 77.62%. Consequently, mitigating the exergy cost associated with the reformer holds paramount importance in augmenting overall system revenue. Remarkably, the engine incurs the highest cost of exergy destruction at 10.134 $/h. Overall, this research offers pivotal insights for optimizing component performance and driving cost reductions. 

Exergetic and exergoeconomic evaluation of an SOFC-Engine-ORC hybrid power generation system with methanol for ship application

Performance assessment of closed Brayton cycle-organic Rankine cycle lunar base energy system: Thermodynamic analysis, multi-objective optimization

The adoption of alternative fuels and high-efficiency power systems has the potential to significantly reduce carbon emissions in maritime transportation. However, there is currently limited understanding of how new power forms affect the effective payload during actual ship operations. This study proposes a hybrid power system using methanol as fuel, integrating solid oxide fuel cells, an engine, and batteries. A mathematical model of the system was established using a modular modeling approach, and the system's performance was evaluated based on container ship scenarios. The results demonstrate that under no-refueling conditions, the hybrid power system achieves a high electrical efficiency of 58.36 %, a fuel consumption rate of 283.19 g/kWh, and carbon emissions of 389.39 g/kWh. Increasing the operating temperature and reducing the current density can enhance the thermodynamic performance of the solid oxide fuel cell and the system, with electrical efficiency exceeding 60 %. Solid oxide fuel cells exhibit poor load variation characteristics, taking approximately 200 s for their output voltage to decrease from 0.62 V to 0.57 V. In contrast, lithium batteries demonstrate rapid load response characteristics. For a single voyage, the ship requires 835.776 tons of fuel, resulting in an increase of 284.776 tons compared to diesel engines. However, carbon emissions are reduced by 606.46 tons. It is noteworthy that the weight and volume of the hybrid power system depend on the power distribution between the fuel cell and the engine. In summary, this innovative hybrid power system provides a potent means of significantly reducing carbon emissions in the shipping industry. 

Energy and configuration management strategy for solid oxide fuel cell/engine/battery hybrid power system with methanol on marine: A case study

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