In view of the high proportion of individuals with resistance to antihypertensive medication and/or poor compliance or tolerance of this medication, new drugs to treat hypertension are urgently needed. Here we show that peripheral chemoreceptors generate aberrant signaling that contributes to high blood pressure in hypertension. We discovered that purinergic receptor P2X3 (P2rx3, also known as P2x3) mRNA expression is upregulated substantially in chemoreceptive petrosal sensory neurons in rats with hypertension. These neurons generate both tonic drive and hyperreflexia in hypertensive (but not normotensive) rats, and both phenomena are normalized by the blockade of P2X3 receptors. Antagonism of P2X3 receptors also reduces arterial pressure and basal sympathetic activity and normalizes carotid body hyperreflexia in conscious rats with hypertension; no effect was observed in rats without hypertension. We verified P2X3 receptor expression in human carotid bodies and observed hyperactivity of carotid bodies in individuals with hypertension. These data support the identification of the P2X3 receptor as a potential new target for the control of human hypertension.

Purinergic receptors in the carotid body as a new drug target for controlling hypertension

In 1953, Julius Comroe gave his Harvey Lecture on the functions of the lung (I) Most of his lecture concerned observations on factors directly affecting pulmonary gas exchange; but at the end, he devoted several pages to what he termed, "other functions of the lung" These he considered from histologic, chemical, and physiologic points of view He mentioned the rich innervation of the lung and its potential for neural regulation He indicated that a wide variety of cell types is found in the lung He called attention to the abundance of certain substances, such as histamine, heparin, dearing factor, and deaminating enzymes, which were commonly associated with other organs, and he questioned their role in the lung He listed physiologic reactions by which the lung may protect against environmental hazards, circulatory stresses, and systemically generated poisons and particles In 1953, these ideas were largely speculative Now, in 1976, most of them have been investigated, and we can see that Dr Comroe's crystal ball (his "Prospectroscope") was incredibly dear Today, no one is surprised that as much as one fifth of this symposium on cardiorespiratory function deals with nonventilatory activities of the lung One of these activities is the maintenance of a stable, air-filled parenchyma through regulation of the properties of the extracellular lining of the alveoli, and this is the subject of my paper The alveolar lining is a relative newcomer to the list of architectural components of the lung parenchyma, and it has received compara-

Functions of the alveolar lining.

Reflex response and convergence of pharyngoesophageal and peripheral chemoreceptors in the nucleus of the solitary tract

Properties of solitary tract neurones responding to peripheral arterial chemoreceptors

We investigated the role of potassium conductances in the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) in determining the efficacy of the baroreceptor and cardiopulmonary reflexes in anesthetized rats. The baroreceptor reflex was elicited with an intravenous injection of phenylephrine to evoke a reflex bradycardia, and the cardiopulmonary reflex was evoked with a right atrial injection of phenylbiguanide. Microinjection of two Ca-dependent potassium channel antagonists (apamin and charybdotoxin) into the NTS potentiated the baroreceptor reflex bradycardia. This may reflect the increased neuronal excitability observed previously in vitro with these blockers. In contrast, the Ca-dependent potassium channel antagonists attenuated the cardiopulmonary reflex, whereas voltage-dependent potassium channel antagonists (4-aminopyridine and dendrotoxin) attenuated both the baro- and cardiopulmonary reflexes when microinjected into the NTS. The possibility that the reflex attenuation observed indicates a predominant distribution of certain potassium channels on γ-aminobutyric acid interneurons is discussed.

K+ channel blockade in the NTS alters efficacy of two cardiorespiratory reflexes in vivo

The functions of the lung.

Handle everyday research tasks with reliable, citation-backed results

Your personal Research Agent to handle research tasks with citation-backed results

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Meet SciSpace

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of <strong>{limit}</strong> columns in the table. Remove at least <strong>1</strong> column to add or create another one.

Comroe Jh

Author Tools

Chat about Author

Papers

The functions of the lung.