A spectacle lens is disclosed. The disclosed lens provides a vision correcting area for the correction of a wearer's refractive error. The viewing correction area provides correction for non-conventional refractive error to provide at least a part of the wearer's vision correction. The lens has a prescription based on a wave front analysis of the wearer's eye and the lens can further be modified to fit within an eyeglass frame.

System, apparatus, and method for correcting vision using an electro-active lens

In starting this review, I should say that I know and greatly admire both authors; therefore, it should be no surprise that I have found virtually nothing in this book to which I can take serious exception. It is truly a complete textbook; although not encyclopedic, every aspect of the subject is fully discussed and documented. It is divided into four sections: (1) physiology of the sensorimotor cooperation of the eyes; (2) introduction to the neuromuscular anomalies of the eyes; (3) clinical characteristics of the neuromuscular anomalies of the eye; and (4) principles of therapy. The first two sections were written by the senior author, Burian, and the last two by von Noorden, although both accept full responsibility for the entire work. It is hard to imagine a happier or more successful way to handle this large, complicated subject—a single author could hardly hope to cover it adequately. Even though

Binocular Vision and Ocular Motility: Theory and Management of Strabismus

The present provides progressive addition lens designs and lenses in which unwanted lens astigmatism is reduced as compared to conventional progressive addition lenses.

Progressive addition lenses

Purpose.This research quantified clinical measurements and functional neural changes associated with vision therapy in subjects with convergence insufficiency (CI).Methods.Convergence and divergence 4° step responses were compared between 13 control adult subjects with normal binocular visio

/pdf/vision-therapy-in-adults-with-convergence-insufficiency-3ea3x8lltn.pdf

Vision Therapy in Adults with Convergence Insufficiency: Clinical and Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Measures

A contact lens (10) is disclosed having a front surface (14) and a back surface (16). The lens (10) contains a continuously varying aspheric surface on one or more of these surfaces.

Multifocal contact lens with aspheric surface

In a progressive multifocal ophthalmic lens providing excellent performance in the far vision region, good width of the near vision region and gentle progression in the intermediate vision region therebetween, the far vision region comprises an angular sector defined by two half-lines that intersect at the geometrical center of the lens forming an upwardly-directed angular segment with an included angle of preferably more than 145° in which all points have a cylinder less than A/2 diopters, and constraints are applied governing the gentleness of progression in the intermediate vision region and the relative width of the near vision region.

progressive multifocal ophthalmic lens.

The invention concerns a set of progressive multifocal ophthalmic lenses, each having a first progressive multifocal surface and a second surface preferably spherical. It proposes to define the set of lenses with regard to the optical characteristics of the lenses, and particularly wearer power and oblique astigmatism, in worn conditions. For this purpose, the invention defines an ergorama associating with each sight direction in worn conditions a target object point, and a given power. This ergorama supplies a power target for a definition by optimisation of the lenses, and is used in a radii plotting programme for calculating the optical characteristics during optimisation. The set of lenses has substantially identical optical performances for a given addition, whatever the power of the far vision reference point.

Set of progressive multifocal ophthalmic lenses

Repetitive stimulation of the disparity vergence system to large convergent step stimuli has been shown to increase the dynamics of subsequent responses to smaller step stimuli. Here we show that decreases in the dynamics of both disparity convergence and divergence eye movements can be induced using a frequently occurring small amplitude conditioning stimulus to modify responses to a larger, occasionally presented test stimulus. In one experiment, a simple conditioning stimulus consisting of repetitive 1 degrees step stimuli was used to modify the dynamic vergence response to an occasional 4 degrees step test stimulus. An experimental trial consisted of three phases: baseline, conditioning, and recovery. The baseline and recovery phases used only the 4 degrees test stimuli. The dynamic characteristics of the responses to test stimuli were quantified by measuring the magnitude of the peak velocity. A statistically significant change was observed between the dynamics of conditioned responses compared to baseline and recovery responses indicting modification by the conditioning stimuli. During recovery, the response dynamics returned to levels near baseline levels showing that the decrease in response dynamics was caused by the conditioning stimulus, not fatigue. Another experiment showed that the response dynamics to large stimuli could be decreased whereas the dynamics of small stimuli could be increased by the same intermediate conditioning stimulus. Other experiments suggest that the modifications are due to a predictive mechanism. The results indicate that the dynamics of disparity vergence eye movements are malleable and depend to some extent on the amplitude of preceding stimuli.

Short-term predictive changes in the dynamics of disparity vergence eye movements.

Divergence eye movements are dependent on initial stimulus position.

The invention concerns a method for determining by optimization a set of progressive ophthalmic lenses for a given user for whom a near vision power addition (Addn) has been prescribed, including the following steps: measuring the user's near vision individual physiological parameters; determining a field of vision associating, on each lens, a target point in each viewing direction in use conditions; determining a target power defect and a resulting target astigmatism for each viewing direction under use conditions, the target power defect and the resulting target astigmatism being determined from the user's measured physiological parameters; computing the power required for each lens for said field of vision by successive iterations to reach the target power defect and the target astigmatism for each viewing direction.

Method for determining a set of progressive multifocal ophthalmic lenses

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