Empirical threshold values for quantitative trait mapping.

Improvement of Soybean; A Way Forward Transition from Genetic Engineering to New Plant Breeding Technologies

Soybean aphid (glycines Matsumura) is a native pest of soybean ( Glycine max (L.) Merr.) in eastern Asia and was detected on soybeans in North America in 2000. In 2004, the soybean cultivar Dowling was described to be resistant to soybean aphids with the Rag1 gene for resis - tance. In 2006, a virulent biotype of soybean aphid in ohio was reported to proliferate on soy - beans with the Rag1 gene. The objective was to survey the occurrence of virulent aphid popula - tions on soybean indicator lines across geog - raphies and years. Nine soybean lines were identified on the basis of their degree of aphid resistance and their importance in breeding programs. Naturally occurring soybean aphid populations were collected in 10 states (Kan - sas, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, North Dakota, oSouth Dakota, and Wiscon - sin) and the Canadian province of o ntario. The reproductive capacity of field-collected soy - bean aphid populations was tested on soybean lines; growth rates were compared in no-choice field cages at each geographic region across 3 yr. The occurrence of soybean aphid biotypes was highly variable from year to year and across environments. The frequency of Biotypes 2, 3, and 4 was 54, 18, and 7%, respectively, from the 28 soybean aphid populations collected across 3 yr and 11 environments. plant introduction ( pI) 567598B, a natural gene pyramid of rag1c and rag4, had lowest frequency of soybean aphid colonization (18%). Several factors may have contributed to the variability, including genetic diversity of soybean aphids, parthenogenicity, abundance of the overwintering host buckthorn (Rhamnus spp.), and migratory patterns of soy - bean aphids across the landscape.

https://acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.2135/cropsci2014.11.0758

Geographic Distribution of Soybean Aphid Biotypes in the United States and Canada during 2008–2010

Two novel QTLs conferring aphid resistance were mapped and validated on soybean chromosomes 8 and 16, respectively. Closely linked markers were developed to assist breeding for aphid resistance. Soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura, is a highly destructive pest for soybean production. E08934, a soybean advanced breeding line derived from the wild soybean Glycine soja 85-32, has shown strong resistance to aphids. To dissect the genetic basis of aphid resistance in E08934, a mapping population (070020) consisting of 140 F3-derived lines was developed by crossing E08934 with an aphid-susceptible line E00003. This mapping population was evaluated for aphid resistance in a greenhouse trial in 2010 and three field trials in 2009, 2010, and 2011, respectively. The broad-sense heritability across the field trials was 0.84. In the mapping population 070020, two major quantitative trait loci (QTL) were detected as significantly associated with aphid resistance, and designated as Rag6 and Rag3c, respectively. Rag6 was mapped to a 10.5 centiMorgan (cM) interval between markers MSUSNP08-2 and Satt209 on chromosome 8, explaining 19.5–46.4% of the phenotypic variance in different trials. Rag3c was located at a 7.5 cM interval between markers MSUSNP16-10 and Sat_370 on chromosome 16, explaining 12.5–22.9% of the phenotypic variance in different trials. Rag3c had less resistance effect than Rag6 across all the trials. Furthermore, Rag6 and Rag3c were confirmed in two validation populations with different genetic backgrounds. No significant interaction was detected between Rag6 and Rag3c in either the mapping population or the validation populations. Both Rag6 and Rag3c were indicated as conferring antibiosis resistance to aphids by a no-choice test. The new aphid-resistance gene(s) derived from the wild germplasm G. soja 85-32 are valuable in improving soybeans for aphid resistance.

Mapping novel aphid resistance QTL from wild soybean, Glycine soja 85-32

Soybean aphid [ Matsumura (Hemiptera: Aphididae)] is the most damaging insect pest of soybean [ (L.) Merr.] in the Upper Midwest of the United States and is primarily controlled by insecticides. Soybean aphid resistance (i.e., genes) has been documented in some soybean accessions but more sources of resistance are needed. Incorporation of the resistance into marketed varieties has also been slow. Genome-wide association mapping can aid in identifying resistant accessions by correlating phenotypic data with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across a genome. Aphid population measures from 2366 soybean accessions were collected from published studies screening cultivated soybean () and wild soybean ( Siebold & Zucc.) with aphids exhibiting Biotype 1, 2, or 3 characteristics. Genotypic data were obtained from the SoySNP50K high-density genotyping array previously used to genotype the USDA Soybean Germplasm Collection. Significant associations between SNPs and soybean aphid counts were found on 18 of the 20 soybean chromosomes. Significant SNPs were found on chromosomes 7, 8, 13, and 16 with known genes. SNPs were also significant on chromosomes 1, 2, 4 to 6, 9 to 12, 14, and 17 to 20 where genes have not yet been mapped, suggesting that many genes remain to be discovered. These SNPs can be used to determine accessions that are likely to have novel aphid resistance traits of value for breeding programs.

Genome-Wide Association Mapping of Host-Plant Resistance to Soybean Aphid

The soybean aphid (Aphis glycines Matsumura) has been a major pest of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] in North America since it was first reported in 2000. Our previous study revealed that the strong aphid resistance of plant introduction (PI) 567598B was controlled by two recessive genes. The objective of this study was to locate these two genes on the soybean genetic linkage map using molecular markers. A mapping population of 282 F4:5 lines derived from IA2070 × E06902 was evaluated for aphid resistance in a field trial in 2009 and a greenhouse trial in 2010. Two quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were identified using the composite and multiple interval mapping methods, and were mapped on chromosomes 7 (linkage group M) and 16 (linkage group J), respectively. E06902, a parent derived from PI 567598B, conferred resistance at both loci. In the 2010 greenhouse trial, each of the two QTLs explained over 30 % of the phenotypic variation. Significant epistatic interaction was also found between these two QTLs. However, in the 2009 field trial, only the QTL on chromosome 16 was found and it explained 56.1 % of the phenotypic variation. These two QTLs and their interaction were confirmed with another population consisting of 94 F2:5 lines in the 2008 and 2009 greenhouse trials. For both trials in the alternative population, these two loci explained about 50 and 80.4 % of the total phenotypic variation, respectively. Our study shows that soybean aphid isolate used in the 2009 field trial defeated the QTL found on chromosome 7. Presence of the QTL on chromosome 16 conferred soybean aphid resistance in all trials. The markers linked to the aphid-resistant QTLs in PI 567598B or its derived lines can be used in marker-assisted breeding for aphid resistance.

/pdf/mapping-soybean-aphid-resistance-genes-in-pi-567598b-3c8bkm637o.pdf

Mapping soybean aphid resistance genes in PI 567598B

The invention relates to the soybean variety designated 01050428. Provided by the invention are the seeds, plants and derivatives of the soybean variety 01050428. Also provided by the invention are tissue cultures of the soybean variety 01050428 and the plants regenerated therefrom. Still further provided by the invention are methods for producing soybean plants by crossing the soybean variety 01050428 with itself or another soybean variety and plants produced by such methods.

Soybean variety 01050428

The invention relates to the soybean variety designated 01046898. Provided by the invention are the seeds, plants and derivatives of the soybean variety 01046898. Also provided by the invention are tissue cultures of the soybean variety 01046898 and the plants regenerated therefrom. Still further provided by the invention are methods for producing soybean plants by crossing the soybean variety 01046898 with itself or another soybean variety and plants produced by such methods.

Soybean variety 01046898

The invention relates to the soybean variety designated 01050431. Provided by the invention are the seeds, plants and derivatives of the soybean variety 01050431. Also provided by the invention are tissue cultures of the soybean variety 01050431 and the plants regenerated therefrom. Still further provided by the invention are methods for producing soybean plants by crossing the soybean variety 01050431 with itself or another soybean variety and plants produced by such methods.

Soybean variety 01050431

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Mapping soybean aphid resistance genes in PI 567598B

Soybean variety 01050428

Soybean variety 01046898

Soybean variety 01050431