Mixed metal sulfides (MMSs) have attracted increased attention as promising electrode materials for electrochemical energy storage and conversion systems including lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), hybrid supercapacitors (HSCs), metal–air batteries (MABs), and water splitting. Compared with monometal sulfides, MMSs exhibit greatly enhanced electrochemical performance, which is largely originated from their higher electronic conductivity and richer redox reactions. In this review, recent progresses in the rational design and synthesis of diverse MMS-based micro/nanostructures with controlled morphologies, sizes, and compositions for LIBs, SIBs, HSCs, MABs, and water splitting are summarized. In particular, nanostructuring, synthesis of nanocomposites with carbonaceous materials and fabrication of 3D MMS-based electrodes are demonstrated to be three effective approaches for improving the electrochemical performance of MMS-based electrode materials. Furthermore, some potential challenges as well as prospects are discussed to further advance the development of MMS-based electrode materials for next-generation electrochemical energy storage and conversion systems.

Mixed Metal Sulfides for Electrochemical Energy Storage and Conversion

NiCo2S4-based nanocomposites for energy storage in supercapacitors and batteries

Template synthesis of NiCo2S4/Co9S8 hollow spheres for high-performance asymmetric supercapacitors

Synthesis of hierarchically porous NiCo2S4 core-shell hollow spheres via self-template route for high performance supercapacitors

To satisfy the demand of high power application, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) with high power density have gained extensive research effort. The pseudocapacitive storage of LIBs is considered to offer high power density through fast faradic surface redox reactions rather than the slow diffusion-controlled intercalation process. In this work, CuCo2S4 anchored on N/S-doped graphene is in situ synthesized and a typical pseudocapacitive storage behavior is demonstrated when applied in the LIB anode. The pseudocapacitive storage and N/S-doped graphene enable the composite to display a capacity of 453 mA h g–1 after 500 cycles at 2 A g–1 and a ultrahigh rate capability of 328 mA h g–1 at 20 A g–1. We believe that this work could further promote the research on pseudocapacitive storage in transition-metal sulfides for LIBs.

In Situ Synthesis of CuCo2S4@N/S-Doped Graphene Composites with Pseudocapacitive Properties for High-Performance Lithium-Ion Batteries

Hierarchical NiCo2S4 hollow spheres are successfully fabricated by a facile hydrothermal method accompanied by a high-temperature annealing and anion exchange process. By using NiCo2S4 hollow spheres as an anode material for lithium ion batteries, a high specific capacity of 696 mA h g−1 can be obtained after 100 cycles at a current density of 200 mA g−1. Even at a current density of 2000 mA g−1, the specific capacity still remains at 411 mA h g−1 after 50 cycles. The good electrochemical performance can be attributed to the unique porous features and void spaces within the surface of the hollow spheres, which provide large contact areas between the electrolyte and active materials for electrolyte diffusion and alleviate the volume change during the lithium-ion insertion/extraction process.

Hierarchical NiCo2S4 hollow spheres as a high performance anode for lithium ion batteries

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Hierarchical NiCo2S4 hollow spheres as a high performance anode for lithium ion batteries