Advances in the design and application of highly efficient conjugated polymers and small molecules over the past years have enabled the rapid progress in the development of organic photovoltaic (OPV) technology as a promising alternative to conventional solar cells. Among the numerous OPV materials, benzodithiophene (BDT)-based polymers and small molecules have come to the fore in achieving outstanding power conversion efficiency (PCE) and breaking 10% efficiency barrier in the single junction OPV devices. Remarkably, the OPV device featured by BDT-based polymer has recently demonstrated an impressive PCE of 11.21%, indicating the great potential of this class of materials in commercial photovoltaic applications. In this review, we offered an overview of the organic photovoltaic materials based on BDT from the aspects of backbones, functional groups, alkyl chains, and device performance, trying to provide a guideline about the structure-performance relationship. We believe more exciting BDT-based photovol...

Molecular Design of Benzodithiophene-Based Organic Photovoltaic Materials.

Thienothiophenes, Dithienothiophenes, and Thienoacenes: Syntheses, Oligomers, Polymers, and Properties

Triarylamine (TAA) and related materials have dramatically promoted the development of organic and hybrid photovoltaics during the past decade. The power conversion efficiencies of TAA-based organic solar cells (OSCs), dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), and perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have exceeded 11%, 14%, and 20%, which are among the best results for these three kinds of devices, respectively. In this review, we summarize the recent advances of the high-performance TAA-based materials in OSCs, DSSCs, and PSCs. We focus our discussion on the structure–property relationship of the TAA-based materials in order to shed light on the solutions to the challenges in the field of organic and hybrid photovoltaics. Some design strategies for improving the materials and device performance and possible research directions in the near future are also proposed.

Triarylamine: Versatile Platform for Organic, Dye-Sensitized, and Perovskite Solar Cells.

The need for large scale low carbon solar electricity production has become increasingly urgent for reasons of energy security and climate change mitigation. Third-generation solar cells (SCs) are solution processed SCs based on semiconducting organic macromolecules, inorganic nanoparticles or hybrids. This review considers and compares three types of promising 3rd-generation SCs: polymer:fullerene, hybrid polymer and perovskite SCs. The review considers work reported since an earlier review (Saunders et al., Adv. Colloid Interface Sci., 2008, 138, 1) and highlights the great progress that has been made in each area. We consider the operation principles for each SC type and also review the state-of-the-art devices. The polymer:fullerene and hybrid polymer SC open circuit voltages are compared to values predicted from the well-known Scharber equation and similarities and differences discussed. The perovskite SCs are also considered and their remarkable rate of power conversion efficiency performance increase is discussed. The review considers the requirements for large-scale deployment in the contexts of semiconducting polymer and hole transport matrix synthesis and materials selection. It is concluded that the 3rd-generation SC technologies discussed here are well placed for major contribution to large scale energy production. (This has already been partially demonstrated for polymer:fullerene SCs.) Looking further ahead we propose that several of the 3rd-generation SCs considered here have excellent potential to provide the low cost large-scale deployment needed to meet the terawatt challenge for solar electricity generation.

https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2014/ra/c4ra07064j

Third-generation solar cells: a review and comparison of polymer:fullerene, hybrid polymer and perovskite solar cells

Organic and dye sensitized solar cell devices have attracted a significant attention during last few years in scientific community due to their advantages such as low cost, easy processibility, large scale manufacturing and efficient conversion of solar energy into electrical energy. The main aim of this review is to provide torchlight for organic chemist willing to start exploration in the field of solar cell as it includes an overview of organic and dye sensitized solar cells. This review covers detailed history for development of solar cell, some basic terminologies used in organic and dye sensitized solar cells. The review article gives attention toward synthetic utility of organic molecules for different types of solar cell such as single layer, double layer and bulk heterojunction solar cells, their mechanisms and type of materials which are generally used for solar cell device fabrication. The review specially gives focus on the up to date information about improvements in Organic Solar Cells (OSCs) and Dye Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs) which will be a handy tool for young budding researchers to explore the molecular engineering opportunities in terms of designing and synthesizing more efficient exotic materials for solar cell.

/pdf/an-overview-on-basics-of-organic-and-dye-sensitized-solar-385an82fib.pdf

An overview on basics of organic and dye sensitized solar cells, their mechanism and recent improvements

Increasing thiophene spacers between thieno[3,2-b]thiophene and benzothiadiazole units in backbone to enhance photovoltaic performance for their 2-D polymers

Two new side-chain donor–acceptor (D-A)-based triphenylamine-alt-benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene (TPA-alt-BDT) copolymers (P1 and P2) with pendant benzothiadiazole (BT)/diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) in TPA unit were synthesized by Stille coupling polymerization. Their thermal, photophysical, electrochemical, blend film morphology and photovoltaic properties were investigated. Efficient bulk heterojunction polymer solar cells (PSCs) were obtained by solution process using both copolymers as donor materials and PC71BM as acceptor. The maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 3.17% with a highest open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.86V was observed in the P1-based PSCs, while the maximum short-circuit current (Jsc) of 10.77 mA cm−2 was exhibited in the P2-based PSCs under the illumination of AM 1.5, 100 mW cm−2. The alternating binary donor units and pending acceptor groups played a significant role in tuning photovoltaic properties for this class of the side-chain D–A-based copolymers. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2013, 51, 4103–4110

Reduced‐bandgap triphenylamine‐alt‐benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene copolymers pending benzothiadiazole or diketopyrrolopyrrole units for efficient polymer solar cells

Tuning the Isomeric Fused Heteroaromatic Core of Small Donor–Acceptor Molecules to Alter Their Crystalline Nature and Enhance Photovoltaic Performance

A Crystal-Embedded Hygroscopic Strategy for Making Transparent Anti-Frost Films

Effects of Tio2 Doped to Basalt on Producing Continuous Fiber and Their Electrical Properties

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