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Acupuncture : a comprehensive text

The use of physical agent modalities dates back to the early days in the development of the field of physical and rehabilitation medicine. The term physiatrist is derived from the Greek words physis, pertaining to physical phenomena, and iatreia, referring to healer or physician. Thus a physiatrist is a physician who uses physical agents to relieve a patient's discomfort. Modalities are physical agents used to produce desired therapeutic effect. They include cold, heat, sound, electromagnetic waves, electricity, and mechanical forces. In this chapter, their physiologic effects, indications, techniques, and precautions are reviewed and discussed. Acupuncture and moxibustion, which use needling and heat to produce therapeutic effect, are also included. Physical agent modalities, although generally considered adjunctive rather than curative treatments, are widely used and important in the daily practices of most physiatrists.

Physical Agent Modalities

Physical agent modalities are very important in the daily practice of most physiatrists and are used to produce the desired therapeutic effects, including relief of discomfort, and facilitation of recovery. The physiologic effects, indications, techniques, and precautions of cold, heat, ultrasound, electromagnetic waves, electricity, and mechanical forces are summarized in this chapter and eSlides.

20 – Acupuncture in Treatment of Aging Spine–Related Pain Conditions

Historically, Hua Tuo Jai Ji points are important points in acupuncture treatment. The anatomical location of Hua Tuo Jai Ji points produces compelling results in treating pain related to spinal di...

Revisit of the Anatomy of Hua Tuo Jai Ji Points

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Revisit of the Anatomy of Hua Tuo Jai Ji Points