[서평]「The Unified Modeling Language User Guide」

One popular and widely use of augmented reality based application, is the projection of points of interests on top of the phones’ camera view. In this paper we discuss the implementation of an AR application that acts as a magic lens over printed maps, overlaying POIs and routes. This method expands the information space available to members of groups during navigation, partially mitigating the issue of several group members trying to share a small screen device. Our work complements existing literature by focusing on the navigation tasks and by using self-reporting questionnaires to measure affective state and user experience. We evaluate this system with groups of real tourists in a preliminary field trial and report our findings.

Use of self-reporting questionnaires to evaluate augmented paper maps for group navigation

More than a decade ago, the research topic models@run.time was coined. Since then, the research area has received increasing attention. Given the prolific results during these years, the current outcomes need to be sorted and classified. Furthermore, many gaps need to be categorized in order to further develop the research topic by experts of the research area but also newcomers. Accordingly, the paper discusses the principles and requirements of models@run.time and the state of the art of the research line. To make the discussion more concrete, a taxonomy is defined and used to compare the main approaches and research outcomes in the area during the last decade and including ancestor research initiatives. We identified and classified 275 papers on models@run.time, which allowed us to identify the underlying research gaps and to elaborate on the corresponding research challenges. Finally, we also facilitate sustainability of the survey over time by offering tool support to add, correct and visualize data.

Models@run.time: a Guided Tour of the State-of-the-Art and Research Challenges

Standard web browsers are becoming a common platform for delivering groupware applications, but until recently, the only way to support real-time collaboration was with browser plug-ins. New networking approaches have recently been introduced - based on re-purposed techniques for delivering web pages (Comet), or integration of real-time communication directly into the browser (HTML5 WebSockets). Little is currently known, however, about whether these new approaches can support real-time groupware. We carried out a study to assess the performance of the three different networking approaches, based on a framework of groupware requirements, in several network settings. We found that web-based networking performs well - better than plug-in approaches in some cases - and can support the communication requirements of many types of real-time groupware. We also developed two groupware applications using Comet and WebSockets, and showed that they provided fast and consistent performance on the real-world Internet. Our studies show that web-based networking can support real-time collaboration, and suggest that groupware developers should consider the browser as a legitimate vehicle for real-time multi-user systems.

Real-time groupware in the browser: testing the performance of web-based networking

Labeling connected components and holes and computing the Euler number in a binary image are necessary for image analysis, pattern recognition, and computer (robot) vision, and are usually made independently of each other in conventional methods. This paper proposes a two-scan algorithm for labeling connected components and holes simultaneously in a binary image by use of the same data structure. With our algorithm, besides labeling, we can also easily calculate the number and the area of connected components and holes, as well as the Euler number. Our method is very simple in principle, and experimental results demonstrate that our method is much more efficient than conventional methods for various kinds of images in cases where both labeling and Euler number computing are necessary.

An Algorithm for Connected-Component Labeling, Hole Labeling and Euler Number Computing

Adaptive groupware systems support changes in users' locations, devices, roles and collaborative structure. Developing such systems is difficult due to the complex distributed systems programming involved. In this paper, we introduce Fiia, a novel architectural style for groupware. Fiia is user-centered, in that it allows easy specification of groupware structured around users' settings, devices and applications, and where adaptations are specified at a high level similar to scenarios. The Fiia.Net toolkit automatically maps Fiia architectures to a wide range of possible distributed systems, under control of an annotation language. Together, these allow developers to work at a high level, while retaining control over distribution choices.

Fiia: user-centered development of adaptive groupware systems

Tabletop games provide an intimate gaming experience where groups of friends can interact in a shared space using shared physical props. Digital tabletop games show great promise in bringing this experience to video game players. However the cost of developing tabletop games is high due to the need for expensive hardware and complex software. In this paper, we introduce EquisFTIR, a low-cost hardware and software infrastructure for digital tabletop gaming. We illustrate the infrastructure through Asterocks, a novel tabletop game.

A low-cost infrastructure for tabletop games

This paper identifies a set of distribution architectures for the development of synchronous groupware and provides an analysis of their quality attributes. The architectures and their quality attributes provide insight on how to structure the implementation of synchronous groupware applications, providing developers with precise guidance on the trade-offs between various implementation techniques. In contrast to many proposed architectures for groupware, these architectures have been synthesized through analysis of successful groupware systems whose properties are well-understood.

Quality Analysis of Distribution Architectures for Synchronous Groupware

We present a novel technique for applying two-level runtime models to distributed systems. Our approach uses graph rewriting rules to transform a high-level source model into one of many possible target models. When either model is changed at runtime, the transformation is incrementally updated. We describe the theory underlying our approach, and show restrictions sufficient for a simple and efficient implementation. We demonstrate this implementation in Fiia.Net , our model-based toolkit for developing adaptive groupware. Developers using Fiia.Net control components and connections through a high-level conceptual runtime model. Meanwhile, the toolkit transparently maintains the underlying distributed system, and propagates failures back into the conceptual model. This approach provides high stability, and performance that is sufficiently fast for interactive applications.

An Incremental Algorithm for High-Performance Runtime Model Consistency

Fast and accurate touch detection is critical to the usability of multi-touch tabletops. In optical tabletops, such as those using the popular FTIR and DI technologies, this requires efficient and effective noise reduction to enhance touches in the camera's input. Common approaches to noise reduction do not scale to larger tables, leaving designers with a choice between accuracy problems and expensive hardware. In this paper, we present a novel noise reduction algorithm that provides better touch recognition than current alternatives, particularly in noisy environments, without imposing higher computational cost. We empirically compare our algorithm to other noise reduction approaches using data collected from tabletops at research labs in Canada and Europe.

Seeing through the fog: an algorithm for fast and accurate touch detection in optical tabletop surfaces

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