Regenerating bone with bioactive glass scaffolds: A review of in vivo studies in bone defect models.

Bioactive Glasses: Sprouting Angiogenesis in Tissue Engineering

Nowadays, bioactive glasses (BGs) are mainly used to improve and support the healing process of osseous defects deriving from traumatic events, tumor removal, congenital pathologies, implant revisions, or infections. In the past, several approaches have been proposed in the replacement of extensive bone defects, each one with its own advantages and drawbacks. As a result, the need for synthetic bone grafts is still a remarkable clinical challenge since more than 1 million bone-graft surgical operations are annually performed worldwide. Moreover, recent studies show the effectiveness of BGs in the regeneration of soft tissues, too. Often, surgical criteria do not match the engineering ones and, thus, a compromise is required for getting closer to an ideal outcome in terms of good regeneration, mechanical support, and biocompatibility in contact with living tissues. The aim of the present review is providing a general overview of BGs, with particular reference to their use in clinics over the last decades and the latest synthesis/processing methods. Recent advances in the use of BGs in tissue engineering are outlined, where the use of porous scaffolds is gaining growing importance thanks to the new possibilities given by technological progress extended to both manufacturing processes and functionalization techniques.

Bioactive glasses: From parent 45S5 Composition to Scaffold-Assisted Tissue-Healing Therapies

Research in borate glasses has started as a scientific curiosity and as an aid to explain the structure of oxide glasses in general. This effort led to a better understanding of the structure and unique properties of borate glasses. Although silicate and borosilicate glasses satisfy the vast majority of scientific and industrial needs, there are certain circumstances where they are not satisfactory. Furthermore, borate glasses offer certain advantages over silicate glasses which are not well known, neither well explored. However, certain characteristics of borate glasses such as their affinity to water requires that they are well selected, designed, or developed to satisfy the specifications of a given application. This review aims to explore and report some of the key properties of binary borate glasses. It also provides certain guidelines for several applications where the scientific literature is discussed in connection with industrial experience and technological needs.

Borate glasses for scientific and industrial applications: a review

Boron is considered to influence the performance of several metabolic enzymes and boron deficiency is associated with impaired growth and abnormal bone development. As such, boron is a beneficial bioactive element for animals and humans. It is also well known that boron stimulates wound healing and improves bone health. The addition of boron in different proportions to bioactive glasses has significant effects on glass structure, glass processing parameters, biodegradability, biocompatibility, bioactivity and cytotoxicity. Different compositions of bioactive glasses (BGs) containing boron, including boron-doped, borosilicate and borate glasses, are being investigated for bone and soft tissue engineering under the premise that these BGs are suitable carriers of boron, indicating controlled release of B species in the biological environment. This paper reviews up to date research and applications of borate, borosilicate, and boron doped silicate and phosphate BGs focussing on their physical, structural, degradation and biological properties for hard and soft tissue regeneration.

Boron-containing bioactive glasses in bone and soft tissue engineering

Effect of bioactive borate glass microstructure on bone regeneration, angiogenesis, and hydroxyapatite conversion in a rat calvarial defect model.

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Effect of bioactive borate glass microstructure on bone regeneration, angiogenesis, and hydroxyapatite conversion in a rat calvarial defect model.