What makes organizations so similar? We contend that the engine of rationalization and bureaucratization has moved from the competitive marketplace to the state and the professions. Once a set of organizations emerges as a field, a paradox arises: rational actors make their organizations increasingly similar as they try to change them. We describe three isomorphic processes-coercive, mimetic, and normative—leading to this outcome. We then specify hypotheses about the impact of resource centralization and dependency, goal ambiguity and technical uncertainty, and professionalization and structuration on isomorphic change. Finally, we suggest implications for theories of organizations and social change.

The iron cage revisited: Institutional isomorphism and collective rationality in organizational fields (Chinese Translation)

Rationality and Power: Democracy in Practice

Technology is widely considered the main source of economic progress, but it has also generated cultural anxiety throughout history. The developed world is now suffering from another bout of such angst. Anxieties over technology can take on several forms, and we focus on three of the most prominent concerns. First, there is the concern that technological progress will cause widespread substitution of machines for labor, which in turn could lead to technological unemployment and a further increase in inequality in the short run, even if the long-run effects are beneficial. Second, there has been anxiety over the moral implications of technological process for human welfare, broadly defined. While, during the Industrial Revolution, the worry was about the dehumanizing effects of work, in modern times, perhaps the greater fear is a world where the elimination of work itself is the source of dehumanization. A third concern cuts in the opposite direction, suggesting that the epoch of major technological progress is behind us. Understanding the history of technological anxiety provides perspective on whether this time is truly different. We consider the role of these three anxieties among economists, primarily focusing on the historical period from the late 18th to the early 20th century, and then compare the historical and current manifestations of these three concerns.

https://pubs.aeaweb.org/doi/pdfplus/10.1257/jep.29.3.31

The history of technological anxiety and the future of economic growth: Is this time different?

Various streams of organizational research have examined the relationship between creativity and leadership, albeit using slightly different names such as “creative leadership”, “leading for creativity and innovation”, and “managing creatives”. In this article, we review this dispersed body of knowledge and synthesize it under a global construct of creative leadership, which refers to leading others toward the attainment of a creative outcome. Under this unifying construct, we classify three more narrow conceptualizations that we observe in the literature: facilitating employee creativity; directing the materialization of a leader's creative vision; and integrating heterogeneous creative contributions. After examining the contextual characteristics associated with the three conceptualizations, we suggest that they represent three distinct collaborative contexts of creative leadership. We discuss the theoretical implications of a multi-context framework of creative leadership, especially in terms of resolving three persisting problems in the extant literature: lack of definitional clarity, shortage of nuanced theories, and low contextual sensitivity.

/pdf/creative-leadership-a-multi-context-conceptualization-2supa2hmwc.pdf

Creative Leadership: A Multi-Context Conceptualization†

Social capital has been hailed as a means of virtuous, effective and enjoyable productivity through which firms can flourish. But it also confines advantage to network members and discriminates against non-members. This paper, drawing on detailed qualitative research into work in the UK film and TV industry, reveals the advantages and the disadvantages of social capital. Social capital aided recruitment, policed quality standards and ensured behavioural norms with the sort of speed and flexibility it would be hard to identify in other forms of organizing. However, it also advantaged white, middle-class men and ensured that middle-class signals came to be proxies for the most sought-after jobs. Professionals who were women, members of ethnic minorities or working class were less likely to secure jobs and were often restricted in the type of jobs they held. Significantly, the members of disadvantaged groups who succeeded did so after long periods employed by the terrestrial broadcasters or after extended ap...

Social Capital and Networks in Film and TV: Jobs for the Boys?

Part I: Overviews 1. Careers in Creative Industries: An Analytic Overview. Chris Mathieu 2. Creative Labor: Who Are They? What Do They Do? Where Do They Work? A Discussion Based On a Quantitative Study from Denmark. Trine Bille Part II: Theatre, Television and Film 3. Behind the Scenes of Boundarylessness: Careers in German Theatre. Doris Ruth Eikhof, Axel Haunschild, and Franziska Schossler 4. Tournament Careers: Working in UK Television. Dimitrinka Stoyanova and Irena Grugulis 5. Oscar et Cesar: Deep Consecration in French and American Film Acting Careers. Anne E. Lincoln and Michael P. Allen 6. Central Collaborative Relationships in Career-making. Chris Mathieu and Iben Sandal Stjerne Part III: Architecture 7. Frank Lloyd Wright's Artist Reputation: The Role of Networks and Creativity. Candace Jones 8. Reputation-building in the French Architecture Field. Amelie Boutinot Part IV: Music 9. Transnational Careers in the Virtuoso World. Izabela Wagner 10. Composing a Career: The Situation of Living Composers in the Repertoires of U.S. Orchestras, 2005-06. Timothy J. Dowd and Kevin J. Kelly Part V: Visual Arts and Fashion Design 11. Unpacking Unsuccess: Socio-cognitive Barriers to Objective Career Success for French Outsider Artists. Jean Pralong, Anne Gombault, Francoise Liot, Jean-Yves Agard, and Catherine Morel 12. Education and Becoming an Artist: Experiences from Singapore. Can-Seng Ooi 13. 'It was a huge shock': Fashion Designers' Transition from School to Work in Denmark, 1980s-2000s. Lise Skov Notes on Contributors Notes Index

Careers in Creative Industries

That innovation can both create and destroy jobs has long been accepted (e.g. Schumpeter 1939). Recent debate on this issue has focused on technological innovation and the purported effects of a mix of automation and robotisation – mass job losses (Frey and Osborne 2013).

Workplace Innovation and the Quality of Working Life in an Age of Uberisation

This thesis analyzes moral argumentation and meaning creation in the process of programmatic policy formulation in the Christian People's Party and Socialist People's Party in Denmark, and the Christian Democratic Party and Left Party in Sweden, focusing specifically on their policy deliberations about the European Community and the European Union from 1990-1996. The primary emphasis is not on policy outcomes per se, but rather on how moral argumentation as a form of policy deliberation is created and sustained in political parties. Contrary to contentions from two traditions skeptical towards the centrality of moral argumentation in the formulation of party policy, the "economistic"/rational choice, respective basic value relativism traditions, it is found that policy deliberation is carried out primarily in terms of substantive moral arguments rather than utility maximization, aggregating or mere procedural agreement. Similar mechanisms in each of the four parties studied create settings in which moral argumentation is carried out and sustained. In party settings moral argumentation is facilitated by the "objectification" of the normative - via the group process of evaluating and ranking current normative contentions in terms of previously evaluated and ranked normative contentions. In this way moral contentions are given varying degrees of support from a common legitimating authority - the party - and a series of collectively affirmed positions and "traditions" exist to refer to. Surreptitiously, through moral argumentation the meaning of the objects of political deliberation is created by the way they are related to central values and goals of the party. It is subsequently through reference to these socially established meanings that policy debates are carried out. Ultimately it is concluded that the norm of moral argumentation is founded upon the belief among party members, and actual operation, of these parties as moral communities. (Less)

The Moral Life of the Party: Moral Argumentation and the Creation of Meaning in the Europe Policy Debates of the Christian and Left-Socialist Parties in Denmark and Sweden 1990-1996

Jesper Strandgaard Pedersen PhD and Professor at Copenhagen Business School, where he serves as Director of ’Imagine .. Creative Industries Research Centre and Chairman of SCANCOR. His research focuses on organizational and institutional change, addressing issues of institutional action and agency, industry emergence and field structuring together with organizational identity construction and legitimacy. Studies include cultural transformation processes in high-tech firms, mergers and acquisitions in knowledge intensive firms, diffusion and institutionalization of managerial ideas and practices in creative and knowledge-intensive firms. Recent research on changes and strategies for organizing and managing creative enterprises in the film and media field, is published in international journals and in: The Negotiation of Values in the Creative Industries: Fairs, Festivals and Competitive Events, (2011) Cambridge University Press. E-mail: js.ioa@cbs.dk

https://www.idunn.no/file/pdf/61113181/bureaucracies_and_judgmental_autonomy_-_film_consultants_i.pdf

Bureaucracies and Judgmental Autonomy: Film Consultants in a Public Film Institute

Recent qualitative and quantitative research on the interrelationships between innovation, job quality and employment shows a strong association between job quality and product, process, and to a lesser extent organizational innovation. This is theorized as the interaction of two systems – job quality and innovation systems. Increased employment and improved job quality are found to result from innovation, while specific employment dimensions are found to impact innovation and job quality. Much of the evidence for this recursive interaction between innovation, job quality and employment derives from qualitative and quantitative studies carried out under the Horizon 2020 project QuInnE that specifically targeted these interrelations for analysis. Findings largely support the skill-biased technical change thesis, leading to the conclusion that while innovation tends to improve job quality, it will exacerbate societal inequalities. Strong evidence is also presented from several studies that higher innovation results from higher job quality, in line with previous research. None of these relationships are found to operate in a deterministic manner, and the actions of management, workers and the social partners play important mediating roles.

/pdf/the-generative-relationship-between-job-quality-innovation-2l4mapdtar.pdf

The generative relationship between job quality, innovation, and employment

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