Las enfermedades infecciosas fueron señaladas como la causa principal de muerte en las sociedades pasadas. Sin embargo, hasta el momento son escasos los conocimientos acerca del modo en que afectaron a las poblaciones humanas del sur de Sudamérica. El objetivo de este trabajo es estudiar el impacto que las enfermedades infecciosas tuvieron sobre las poblaciones de cazadores-recolectores que habitaron Patagonia Austral, a partir de la identificación, descripción e interpretación de lesiones óseas en restos humanos del Holoceno medio y tardío (aproximadamente 5200-100 años aP). Se analizaron macroscópicamente 54 individuos hallados en 50 sitios arqueológicos, sobre los cuales se describieron presencia, localización, lateralidad, tipo de formación de hueso nuevo (woven, lamelar, mixto) y distribución de las lesiones óseas. Se registraron lesiones diagnósticas y altamente compatibles con infecciones óseas en ocho (14,8%) individuos (sin diferencias entre sexos y edades), seis de los cuales (75,0%) provienen del sur de Tierra del Fuego. Cuatro individuos presentaron lesiones compatibles con osteomielitis y dos con tuberculosis (un no-adulto y un adulto). Esto último representa un hallazgo relevante para discutir la presencia de tuberculosis en poblaciones pasadas y su evolución en América. Los resultados presentados sugieren además que las evidencias de procesos infecciosos pueden ser recurrentes en análisis específicos sobre muestras esqueletales de cazadores-recolectores.

Procesos infecciosos en cazadores-recolectores de Patagonia Austral: Evidencias en restos óseos del Holoceno medio y tardío (ca. 5200-100 años aP)

The perpetual burden of tuberculosis (TB) keeps drawing the focus of research on this disease. Among other risk factors (e.g., poor living conditions, malnutrition, smoking, HIV infection, etc.), being in close contact with a TB infected person requires special attention. For a better understanding of the disease, paleopathological investigations concerning TB have been carried out with various techniques for a long a time; nevertheless, analysis of incidence among family members is hardly possible in past populations. An exceptional group of naturally mummified individuals, the collection of the Vac mummies (Hungary, 18th century CE), is known about the large TB incidence rate, which has been revealed by aDNA analysis. Besides the high rate of TB infection, another interesting aspect of the collection is that in some cases, the family connections could be reconstructed. In this paper, we present the mycocerosic acid profiles gained by HPLC-HESI-MS measurements of two Vac mummies, who were mother and daughter according to the personal records. Earlier metagenomic analysis already revealed mixed M. tuberculosis infection with the same bacterial strains in both individuals; moreover, the same bacterial strains were recorded in both cases.

/pdf/lipid-biomarker-based-verification-of-tb-infection-in-mother-knd8md0kso.pdf

Lipid biomarker-based verification of TB infection in mother’s and daughter’s mummified human remains (Vác Mummy Collection, 18th century, CE, Hungary)

Paleopathology of the Ychsma: Evidence of respiratory disease during the Late Intermediate Period (AD 1000-1476) at the Central Coastal site of Pachacamac, Peru.

El valle alto mesotermico (1900 msnm) del bolson de Fiambala, las tierras altas dela puna transicional (3400-4000 msnm) y la alta cordillera andina de Chaschuil(5000-6730 msnm) estuvieron integrados a traves de rutas prehispanicas quefacilitaron el acceso a la complementariedad ecologica y constituyeron el soporte parapromover, mantener y reforzar las relaciones socioeconomicas, politicas e ideologicasque caracterizaron el desarrollo cultural regional desde el Arcaico Tardio hastala ocupacion incaica En este trabajo nos concentramos en uno de estos recorridostransitado por las primeras sociedades agropastoriles, denominadas genericamenteformativas o pre-tardias, que ocuparon esta region entre los 200 y 1200 anos de laera, aproximadamente Para ello analizamos aspectos tecnologicos y visuales de lamaterialidad ceramica recuperada en los sitios emplazados dentro de los diferentesambientes contrastantes conectados por la ruta Luego relacionamos los resultadoscon las caracteristicas arquitectonicas de los sitios de procedencia del conjuntoceramico para discutir finalmente la existencia de una tradicion que se reproduce enel tiempo construyendo un espacio a traves de la memoria

/pdf/rutas-y-espacios-conectados-las-tierras-altas-y-bajas-del-2d5m1uk4to.pdf

Rutas y Espacios conectados: Las tierras altas y bajas del Oeste Tinogasteño de Catamarca (ca. 200-1200 d.C.)

The South American Archaeological Isotopic Database (SAAID) is a comprehensive open-access resource that aggregates all available bioarchaeological stable and radiogenic isotope measurements, encompassing data from human individuals, animals, and plants across South America. Resulting from a collaborative effort of scholars who work with stable isotopes in this region, SAAID contains 53,781 isotopic measurements across 24,507 entries from individuals/specimens spanning over 12,000 years. SAAID includes valuable contextual information on archaeological samples and respective sites, such as chronology, geographical region, biome, and spatial coordinates, biological details like estimated sex and age for human individuals, and taxonomic description for fauna and flora. SAAID is hosted at the PACHAMAMA community within the Pandora data platform and the CORA repository to facilitate easy access. Because of its rich data structure, SAAID is particularly well-suited for conducting spatiotemporal meta-analyses. It serves as a valuable tool for addressing a variety of research topics, including the spread, adoption, and consumption intensification of food items, paleo-environmental reconstruction, as well as the exploration of mobility patterns across extensive geographic regions. 

South American Archaeological Isotopic Database, a regional-scale multi-isotope data compendium for research

Oldest evidence of tuberculosis in Argentina: A multidisciplinary investigation in an adult male skeleton from Saujil, Tinogasta, Catamarca (905–1030 CE)

summary Macromorphological analysis of skeletons, from 20 selected graves of the 8th century AD B� Cs€€ domb, revealed 19 cases of possible skeletal tuberculosis. Biomolecular analyses provided general support for such diagnoses, including the individual without pathology, but the data did not show coherent consistency over the range of biomarkers examined. Amplification of ancient DNA fragments found evidence for the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex DNA only in five graves. In contrast, varying degrees of lipid biomarker presence were recorded in all except two of the skeletons, though most lipid components appeared to be somewhat degraded. Mycobacterial mycolic acid biomarkers were absent in five cases, but the weak, possibly degraded profiles for the remainder were smaller and inconclusive for either tuberculosis or leprosy. The most positive lipid biomarker evidence for tuberculosis was provided by mycolipenic acid, with 13 clear cases, supported by five distinct possible cases. Combinations of mycocerosic acids were present in all but three graves, but in one case a tuberculosis-leprosy co-infection was indicated. In two specimens with pathology, no lipid biomarker evidence was recorded, but one of these specimens provided M. tuberculosis complex DNA fragments.

Morphological and biomolecular evidence for tuberculosis in 8th century AD skeletons from B€€ domb, Hungary

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Oldest evidence of tuberculosis in Argentina: A multidisciplinary investigation in an adult male skeleton from Saujil, Tinogasta, Catamarca (905–1030 CE)

Morphological and biomolecular evidence for tuberculosis in 8th century AD skeletons from B€€ domb, Hungary