This study created and tested a database of adult, age-specific MRI brain and head templates. The participants included healthy adults from 20 through 89 years of age. The templates were done in 5-year, 10-year, and multi-year intervals from 20 through 89 years, and consist of average T1W for the head and brain, and segmenting priors for GM, WM, and CSF. It was found that age-appropriate templates provided less biased tissue classification estimates than age-inappropriate reference data and reference data based on young adult templates. This database is available for use by other investigators and clinicians for their MRI studies, as well as other types of neuroimaging and electrophysiological research (http://jerlab.psych.sc.edu/NeurodevelopmentalMRIDatabase/).

/pdf/age-specific-mri-brain-and-head-templates-for-healthy-adults-592ufxhjfz.pdf

Age-specific MRI brain and head templates for healthy adults from 20 through 89 years of age

The potential of neuroimage databases to accelerate the dissemination and use of information about brain structure and function is enormous and ever increasing. Numerous efforts are now underway to further develop the technology and sociology that are necessary to support this revolution. Each effort has its own approach and tackles some of the complex problems that are associated with creating and providing access to a database. This paper introduces many of the recent successes and future challenges that are faced by the developers and users of neuroimage databases.

Neuroimage databases: the good, the bad and the ugly.

Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and its transitional state mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are characterized by amyloid plaque and tau neurofibrillary tangle (NFT) deposition within the cerebral neocortex and neuronal loss within the hippocampal formation. However, the precise relationship between pathologic changes in neocortical regions and hippocampal atrophy is largely unknown. Methodology/Principal Findings: In this study, combining structural MRI scans and automated image analysis tools with reduced cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) As levels, a surrogate for intra-cranial amyloid plaques and elevated CSF phosphorylated tau (p-tau) levels, a surrogate for neocortical NFTs, we examined the relationship between the presence of Alzheimer’s pathology, gray matter thickness of select neocortical regions, and hippocampal volume in cognitively normal older participants and individuals with MCI and AD (n=724). Amongst all 3 groups, only select heteromodal cortical regions significantly correlated with hippocampal volume. Amongst MCI and AD individuals, gray matter thickness of the entorhinal cortex and inferior temporal gyrus significantly predicted longitudinal hippocampal volume loss in both amyloid positive and p-tau positive individuals. Amongst cognitively normal older adults, thinning only within the medial portion of the orbital frontal cortex significantly differentiated amyloid positive from amyloid negative individuals whereas thinning only within the entorhinal cortex significantly discriminated p-tau positive from p-tau negative individuals.

http://people.csail.mit.edu/msabuncu/SelectPublications/PONE_DesikanEtAl_Spetember2010.pdf

Selective disruption of the cerebral neocortex in alzheimer's disease

The neural processing loop of language is complex but highly associated with Broca's and Wernicke's areas. The left dominance of these two areas was the earliest observation of brain asymmetry. It was demonstrated that the language network and its functional asymmetry during resting state were reproducible across institutions. However, the temporal reliability of resting-state language network and its functional asymmetry are still short of knowledge. In this study, we established a seed-based resting-state functional connectivity analysis of language network with seed regions located at Broca's and Wernicke's areas, and investigated temporal reliability of language network and its functional asymmetry. The language network was found to be temporally reliable in both short- and long-term. In the aspect of functional asymmetry, the Broca's area was found to be left lateralized, while the Wernicke's area is mainly right lateralized. Functional asymmetry of these two areas revealed high short- and long-term reliability as well. In addition, the impact of global signal regression (GSR) on reliability of the resting-state language network was investigated, and our results demonstrated that GSR had negligible effect on the temporal reliability of the resting-state language network. Our study provided methodology basis for future cross-culture and clinical researches of resting-state language network and suggested priority of adopting seed-based functional connectivity for its high reliability.

/pdf/temporal-reliability-and-lateralization-of-the-resting-state-3kc54kgglb.pdf

Temporal reliability and lateralization of the resting-state language network.

This chapter discusses the transformations of the geometry, namely warping, that affect the shape and form of brain image data. The geometric transformations that are considered warps include global scaling, affine transformations, linear, nonlinear, and local deformations. Each of these transformations produces registered image sets that can be statistically and visually compared. One of the driving forces responsible for the importance of warping is the need to perform brain-to-brain comparisons. Warping strategies can be divided into intensity-driven or model-driven approaches, depending on the types of features that drive the mapping of one brain onto the other. The variety of warping approaches is equaled by their range of applications. There are classes of algorithms each suited to handling particular kinds of information, intensity patterns, or anatomical features. The product of warping algorithms not only provides the ability to make comparisons but also permits the generation of atlases and maps. The statistical product is often best accompanied by visualization. Incorporating interim displays and animating the spatial transformation have remarkable power for elucidating complex and significant morphological changes.

An Introduction to Brain Warping

Construction, testing, and validation of a sub-volume probabilistic human brain atlas for the elderly and demented populations

Early cortical change in Alzheimer's disease detected using cortical pattern matching and a disease-specific population-based brain atlas

Statistical analysis of functional brain data using sub-volume thresholding and an elderly population probabilistic atlas: Effects of education on brain perfusion in Alzheimer's disease

A Population Based Multimodality Atlas of the Alzheimer's Brain: Integrating Pathology and Metabolism

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Papers

Construction, testing, and validation of a sub-volume probabilistic human brain atlas for the elderly and demented populations

Early cortical change in Alzheimer's disease detected using cortical pattern matching and a disease-specific population-based brain atlas

Statistical analysis of functional brain data using sub-volume thresholding and an elderly population probabilistic atlas: Effects of education on brain perfusion in Alzheimer's disease

A Population Based Multimodality Atlas of the Alzheimer's Brain: Integrating Pathology and Metabolism