Periods of mutual enmity in US-North Korean relations are typically interrupted by more conciliatory gestures. How can the many twists and turns in this relationship be explained and hopefully over...

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/03932729.2019.1675278

Overcoming US-North Korean Enmity : Lessons from an Eclectic IR Approach

In this paper, we contend that the nexus of security and development lies in the crux of challenges confronting human security and aid failure in North Korea. We first review academic and policy discourses concerning the security-development nexus. We then analyse how the nexus works out its logic in North Korea by exploring how insecurity and underdevelopment have fed into each other, producing a vicious cycle that complicates efforts to address human security in North Korea. In the third and main section, we examine the ways in which South Korea, the USA and the EU provided for assistance to North Korea from 1995 to 2012 at national and international policy levels. We analyse their approaches to international aid and identify differences and commonalities in them so as to better understand how aid giving exacerbates or mitigates the insecurity/underdevelopment and then impacts on the development-security nexus. We finally conclude with a consideration of various strategies to help overcome the d...

Development and security in international aid to North Korea: commonalities and differences among the European Union, the United States and South Korea

This paper considers the opportunities for effective humanitarian collaboration in the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK). It brings together perspectives from three individuals with extensive lived experience working in the DPRK. Collectively, these authors have worked in various sectors of international humanitarian aid and other areas of engagement such as emergency response and preparedness, education, social enterprise and tourism. The paper draws from these experiences to present lessons on overcoming obstacles and harnessing opportunities in the DPRK.

/pdf/opening-doors-in-the-democratic-people-s-republic-of-korea-w3hxywfc45.pdf

Opening Doors in the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea

Many experts still believe that engagement would be the answer towards the recent situation in Korean peninsula. Up to now, few contacts which have taken place can hardly be called as negotiations. Looking at the situation, a new player could be added into the negotiation process to solve North Korea’s nuclear crisis. The new player should be free of interest, reliable, and has a strong connection with North Korea. It is already over 40 years since North Korea was accepted as full-fledged member and North Korea has gained immeasurably by joining Non-Aligned Movement (NAM). Thus NAM is probably one of the most promising exit strategies for North Korea nuclear crisis, the engagement that could provide coalition for punishment tomorrow. The movement could be an opportunity for North Korean nuclear problem, since it has long history with North Korea, freer from superpower interest, and provide a lot of benefits to North Korean regime.

North Korea and Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) Lesson Learned and Opportunities From North Korea Involvement in NAM

North Korea is notable for its isolation, yet the Korean Central News Agency’s daily editions are filled with articles outlining international admiration for Pyongyang and its leader. Is Pyongyang actively promoting soft power as an integral part of not only its survival, but its development strategy? While scholarship on North Korea tends to focus on Pyongyang’s “high profile” relations with China or Russia (Shambaugh 2003, McCormack 2004, Wu 2005) or with nations seeking to cooperate on weapons of mass destruction (Henriksen 2001), little attention has been paid to how the DPRK engages in seemingly peaceful ways with the world. This article examines the notion of hard, soft, smart and other power declensions, and applies a soft-power framework to investigate DPRK rhetoric and the development of partnerships with both states and non-state actors. It suggests that the DPRK has long pursued a strategy of diplomatic diversification, which includes a more sophisticated understanding of power than previously considered in the literature.

Hard, soft, smart? North Korea and power: it’s all relative

Bad, Mad, Sad or Rational Actor? Why the 'Securitization' Paradigm Makes for Poor Policy Analysis of North Korea

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Bad, Mad, Sad or Rational Actor? Why the 'Securitization' Paradigm Makes for Poor Policy Analysis of North Korea