This paper is one of two companion papers which survey price elasticities of transport demand. In addition to reviewing empirical elasticity estimates for both freight and passenger demand, this paper also deals with theoretical and empirical issues in estimating transport demand elasticities. The second survey, by Dr. Philip Goodwin, is primarily concerned with empirical estimates of demand elasticities of public traansit system and automobile usage. The origins of motivations of these two papers were different. As was the coverage and sources used. The two papers complemented each other and are therefore published together with a pooled bibliography.

Concepts of price elasticities of transport demand and recent empirical estimates: an interpretative survey. in: urban transport

This paper seeks to develop a deeper understanding of the research on climate change mitigation in transport. We suggest that work to date has focused on the effects of improvements in transport technologies, changes in the price of transport, physical infrastructure provision, behavioural change and alternative institutional arrangements for governing transport systems. In terms of research methodologies, positivist and quantitative analysis prevails, although there are signs of experimentation with non-positivist epistemologies and participatory methods. These particular engagements with climate change mitigation reflect mutually reinforcing tendencies within and beyond the academic transport community. We first draw on a revised version of Thomas Kuhn’s philosophy of science to explore the path dependencies within transport studies, which are at least partly responsible for the predisposition towards quantitative modelling and technology, pricing and infrastructure oriented interventions in transport systems. We then employ the governmentality perspective to examine how transport academics’ engagements with climate change mitigation depend on and align with more general understandings of climate change in UK society and beyond. The analysis makes clear that ecological modernisation and neo-liberal governmentality more generally provide the context for the current focus on and belief in technological, behaviour change, and especially market-based mitigation strategies. While current research trajectories are important and insightful, we believe that a deeper engagement with theoretical insights from the social sciences will produce richer understandings of transport mitigation in transport and briefly outline some of the contributions thinking on socio-technical transitions and practice theories can make.

/pdf/scientific-research-about-climate-change-mitigation-in-1j1j8oa4mk.pdf

Scientific research about climate change mitigation in transport: a critical review

The influence of urban form on GHG emissions in the U.S. household sector

China's carbon emissions trading (CET) policy aims to force relevant enterprises to implement low‐carbon technology innovation and address environmental challenges through marketization means. However, how China's CET policy may affect enterprise technology innovation and whether this effect may differ in industries remain to be further investigated. Therefore, based on the panel data of listed enterprises covered by the CET policy in China during 2009–2017, this paper employs the difference‐in‐difference (DID) and DID‐based propensity score matching models to evaluate the effect of CET on technology innovation. The empirical results indicate that the effect of China's CET on the technology innovation of related enterprises is generally not significant during the sample period, but this effect presents evident industrial heterogeneity. Specifically, among the eight CET‐covered industries, the CET policy helps to improve technology innovation for power and aviation enterprises but not in the other six industries (i.e., steel, chemical, building material, petrochemical, nonferrous metals, and paper), which implies that China's CET policy still has great potential for promoting the technology innovation of related enterprises. In addition, the central findings remain robust when the system generalized method of moment and DID‐based coarsened exact matching models are applied to consider the influence of omitted variables, unobservable confounders, and different matching methods.

Does China's carbon emissions trading policy improve the technology innovation of relevant enterprises?

Combustion of algae oil methyl ester in an indirect injection diesel engine

http://web.mit.edu/sloan-auto-lab/research/beforeh2/files/Kromer.Energy.pdf

Long-term greenhouse gas emission and petroleum reduction goals: Evolutionary pathways for the light-duty vehicle sector

Transportation officials are increasingly faced with challenging decisions about how to design, plan, and manage infrastructure to confront changes in climate and extreme weather events. An understanding of which impacts affect infrastructure and at what point damage begins to occur is a critical step toward assessing overall vulnerability and risk. However, few resources exist to help managers and designers identify key thresholds and indicators of sensitivity to weather and climate impacts. This paper introduces a sensitivity matrix, a tool developed for the U.S. Department of Transportation's Gulf Coast Study, Phase 2, adaptation pilot project in Mobile, Alabama. This matrix is an important step toward a more comprehensive understanding of relationships between climate and transportation. Transportation planners can use this matrix to screen for assets that are particularly sensitive and, therefore, potentially vulnerable to climate change. Where possible, the matrix includes key thresholds at which da...

Assessing the sensitivity of transportation assets to extreme weather events and climate change

To understand and manage risks from climate change and extreme weather, infrastructure designers, owners, and operators need to know where vulnerabilities exist in the system, including how asset-specific vulnerabilities relate to system-wide vulnerabilities. This is harder than it seems: practitioners are faced with several barriers to effectively assess vulnerability, including the resources and time required for detailed studies, limitations in climate and asset information, and challenges in translating climate information at an appropriate level of detail to inform investment, design, and maintenance decisions. This paper presents an indicator-based vulnerability screening approach and discusses practical steps for data collection, scoring and weighting, and validation of results. The benefits of this approach are that it leverages existing information on climate and assets to save time and cost, and relies on metrics that can be applied as part of benchmarking, performance measurement and evaluation, risk assessment, asset management, and prioritization strategies. Moreover, the paper discusses efforts underway to leverage this approach, applications for mainstreaming climate change considerations in infrastructure decision-making in developing and developed nations, and limitations of this approach that are ripe for further research.

Indicator-based vulnerability screening for improving infrastructure resilience to climate change risks

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Long-term greenhouse gas emission and petroleum reduction goals: Evolutionary pathways for the light-duty vehicle sector

Assessing the sensitivity of transportation assets to extreme weather events and climate change

Indicator-based vulnerability screening for improving infrastructure resilience to climate change risks