Bioactive glass in tissue engineering

Can bioactivity be tested in vitro with SBF solution

Transdermal drug delivery offers a number of advantages for the patient, due not only its non-invasive and convenient nature, but also factors such as avoidance of first pass metabolism and prevention of gastrointestinal degradation. It has been demonstrated that microneedle arrays can increase the number of compounds amenable to transdermal delivery by penetrating the skin's protective barrier, the stratum corneum , and creating a pathway for drug permeation to the dermal tissue below. Microneedles have been extensively investigated in recent decades for drug and vaccine delivery as well as minimally invasive patient monitoring/diagnosis. This review focuses on a range of critically important aspects of microneedle technology, namely their material composition, manufacturing techniques, methods of evaluation and commercial translation to the clinic for patient benefit and economic return. Microneedle research and development is finally now at the stage where commercialisation is a realistic possibility. However, progress is still required in the areas of scaled-up manufacture and regulatory approval.

/pdf/microneedle-arrays-as-transdermal-and-intradermal-drug-2noob5nntj.pdf

Microneedle arrays as transdermal and intradermal drug delivery systems: Materials science, manufacture and commercial development

https://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/4680/1/Combes_4680.pdf

Amorphous calcium phosphates: Synthesis, properties and uses in biomaterials

This review discusses and summarizes the recent developments and advances in the use of biodegradable materials for bone repair purposes. The choice between using degradable and non-degradable devices for orthopedic and maxillofacial applications must be carefully weighed. Traditional biodegradable devices for osteosynthesis have been successful in low or mild load bearing applications. However, continuing research and recent developments in the field of material science has resulted in development of biomaterials with improved strength and mechanical properties. For this purpose, biodegradable materials, including polymers, ceramics and magnesium alloys have attracted much attention for osteologic repair and applications. The next generation of biodegradable materials would benefit from recent knowledge gained regarding cell material interactions, with better control of interfacing between the material and the surrounding bone tissue. The next generations of biodegradable materials for bone repair and regeneration applications require better control of interfacing between the material and the surrounding bone tissue. Also, the mechanical properties and degradation/resorption profiles of these materials require further improvement to broaden their use and achieve better clinical results.

/pdf/biodegradable-materials-for-bone-repair-and-tissue-4qwxkc6tvq.pdf

Biodegradable Materials for Bone Repair and Tissue Engineering Applications

Summary Introduction Aim of this experimental study was to assess the suitability of a new brushite calcium phosphate cement (chronOS™Inject) for cranioplasty and to compare the results with a commercially available apatite calcium phosphate bone cement (Biobon ® ). Material and methods A bilateral full-size craniotomy defect (23mm in diameter) was created in the parietal bones of 18 adult Swiss Alpine sheep and filled with either chronOS™Inject or Biobon ® . The observation intervals were 2, 4 and 6 months. Macroscopical, radiological, histological and histomorphometrical evaluations were performed. Results New bone formation was moderate and did not differ significantly between the biomaterials. Cement resorption occurred centripetally in the chronOS™Inject group and proceeded significantly faster than the degradation process of Biobon ® . However, implantation of chronOS™Inject was associated with a significantly higher rate of fibrous tissue formation. Cement resorption was mediated by macrophages in the chronOS™Inject group, while osteoclasts were the predominant cell type involved in degradation of Biobon ® . Osteoblasts were found adjacent to residual cement in both groups. Conclusion chronOS™Inject demonstrated osteoconductive properties, good biocompatibility and superior bioresorbability but none of the cements proved suitable for filling large cranial bony defects due to the high rate of fibrous tissue formation and insufficient bony regeneration.

Assessment of the suitability of a new brushite calcium phosphate cement for cranioplasty - an experimental study in sheep.

and BC3) were obtained from Dr h.c. Robert Mathys Foundation and Stratec Medical (Switzerland). These CPC are biphasic, i.e. they consist of fine brushite crystals and large granules of β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP; <0.5mm in diame-ter). The porosity of the matrix and the granules is close to 35%. BC1 has the same composition as BC3, except that it contains a larger β-TCP to monocalcium phosphate monohydrate ratio (2 instead of 1.27, in weight percent). The powder-to-granule ratio and the powder-to-liquid ratio are both equal to 2 (in weight percent). The liquid phase consists of a sodium hyalu-ronate solution. A partial tibial plateau defect of 2.5 cm in depth and 1 cm heights at the anterior aspect of the tibial crest and an 8 mm drill defect in the distal femoral condyle was used as an experimental model in sheep. 16 sheep were divided in groups A and B. In group A , BC1 was used for the partial tibial plateau defect, whereas BC3 was applied in the drill hole of the femoral condyle. The tibial defect was stabilized by means of a 3.5 mm T-plate with screws. Animals were sacrificed 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks, and 2, 4 and 6 months after surgery. Group B received a commercially available hydroxyapatite ce-ment (Norian SRS, Norian Corporation, Cupertino, CA, USA) in both, the tibial and the femoral bone de-fects and served as controls. There, the animals were sacrificed 6 months after surgery.Radiographs were

The use of a bioresorbable calcium phosphate cement in partial tibial plateau defects in sheep

Biocompatibility and resorption of a brushite calcium phosphate cement

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Assessment of the suitability of a new brushite calcium phosphate cement for cranioplasty - an experimental study in sheep.

The use of a bioresorbable calcium phosphate cement in partial tibial plateau defects in sheep

Biocompatibility and resorption of a brushite calcium phosphate cement