行銷硏究 : Marketing research

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to review the extant literature on supply chain risk management (SCRM, including risk identification, assessment, treatment, and monitoring), developing a comprehensive definition and conceptual framework; to evaluate prior theory use; and to identify future research directions. Design/methodology/approach A systematic literature review of 354 articles (published 2000-2016) based on descriptive, thematic, and content analysis. Findings There has been a considerable focus on identifying risk types and proposing risk mitigation strategies. Research has emphasised organisational responses to supply chain risks and made only limited use of theory. Ten key future research directions are identified. Research limitations/implications A broad, contemporary understanding of SCRM is provided; and a new, comprehensive definition is presented covering the process, pathway, and objectives of SCRM, leading to a conceptual framework. The research agenda guides future work towards maturation of the discipline. Practical implications Managers are encouraged to adopt a holistic approach to SCRM. Guidance is provided on how to select appropriate risk treatment actions according to the probability and impact of a risk. Originality/value The first review to consider theory use in SCRM research and to use four SCRM stages to structure the review.

/pdf/a-review-of-supply-chain-risk-management-definition-theory-1sc4b7abdl.pdf

A review of supply chain risk management: definition, theory, and research agenda

Luxury brands have always been fashion industry leaders, with admirable aesthetic value and innovative yet traditional business management. The brands...

Impacts of Luxury Fashion Brand’s Social Media Marketing on Customer Relationship and Purchase Intention

Supply of medicine as a strategic product in any health system is a top priority. Pharmaceutical companies, a major player of the drug supply chain, are subject to many risks. These risks disrupt the supply of medicine in many ways such as their quantity and quality and their delivery to the right place and customers and at the right time. Therefore risk identification in the supply process of pharmaceutical companies and mitigate them is highly recommended. In this study it is attempted to investigate pharmaceutical supply chain risks with perspective of manufacturing companies. Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science bibliographic databases and Google scholar scientific search engines were searched for pharmaceutical supply chain risk management studies with 6 different groups of keywords. All results found by keywords were reviewed and none-relevant articles were excluded by outcome of interests and researcher boundaries of study within 4 steps and through a systematic method. Nine articles were included in the systematic review and totally 50 main risks based on study outcome of interest extracted which classified in 7 categories. Most of reported risks were related to supply and supplier issues. Organization and strategy issues, financial, logistic, political, market and regulatory issues were in next level of importance. It was shown that the majority of risks in pharmaceutical supply chain were internal risks due to processes, people and functions mismanagement which could be managed by suitable mitigation strategies.

/pdf/pharmaceutical-supply-chain-risks-a-systematic-review-1xpx09t05b.pdf

Pharmaceutical supply chain risks: a systematic review

Pharmaceutical supply chain is a significant component of the health system in supplying medicines, particularly in countries where main drugs are provided by local pharmaceutical companies. No previous studies exist assessing risks and disruptions in pharmaceutical companies while assessing the pharmaceutical supply chain. Any risks affecting the pharmaceutical companies could disrupt supply medicines and health system efficiency. The goal of this study was the risk assessment in pharmaceutical industry in Iran considering process's priority, hazard and probability of risks. The study was carried out in 4 phases; risk identification through literature review, risk identification in Iranian pharmaceutical companies through interview with experts, risk analysis through a questionnaire and consultation with experts using group analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method and rating scale (RS) and risk evaluation of simple additive weighting (SAW) method. In total, 86 main risks were identified in the pharmaceutical supply chain with perspective of pharmaceutical companies classified in 11 classes. The majority of risks described in this study were related to the financial and economic category. Also financial management was found to be the most important factor for consideration. Although pharmaceutical industry and supply chain were affected by current political conditions in Iran during the study time, but half of total risks in the pharmaceutical supply chain were found to be internal risks which could be fixed by companies, internally. Likewise, political status and related risks forced companies to focus more on financial and supply management resulting in less attention to quality management.

/pdf/pharmaceutical-supply-chain-risk-assessment-in-iran-using-18abtlpy08.pdf

Pharmaceutical supply chain risk assessment in Iran using analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and simple additive weighting (SAW) methods

Global pharmaceutical supply-chain risk mitigation has become an important issue in the corporate boardroom. This article reports on the empirical findings of the quantification of risks that decision makers consider most important when deciding on a risk portfolio to mitigate and the manner in which risks are prioritized according to their importance. The empirical findings suggest that decision makers attached great importance to counterfeit, Food and Drugs Board, and exchange-rate fluctuations. With respect to risk-mitigation strategies, risk reduction is considered most important, followed by risk avoidance. Dynamic sensitivity analysis with respect to a change (increase) in the Food and Drugs Board did not result in any change in the ranking of risk policy options, while a change (increase) in counterfeit resulted in a change in the ranking between risk reduction and risk avoidance. Risk avoidance ranked number one, followed by risk reduction. Implications distilled from this article are far-reaching for the Ghanaian pharmaceutical firms' managers. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

An empirical analysis of risk mitigation in the pharmaceutical industry supply chain: A developing-country perspective

Quantifying Sources of Risk in Global Food Operations and Supply Chain

Risk and uncertainty are quintessential issues facing petroleum industry. Managing petroleum supply chain risk represents one of the most daunting challenges confronting many of the multinational oil firms (MOFs) in Nigeria. As a result, petroleum supply chain risk management is top on the agenda of C-level executives of the MOFs. This paper leverages a decision support system to model risk management in the upstream petroleum supply chain of an MOF. The AHP is a typical multi-criteria methodology used to model risk management because it allows different types of risks to be assessed and evaluated.

/pdf/petroleum-supply-chain-risk-analysis-in-a-multinationaloil-41woratp1d.pdf

Petroleum Supply Chain Risk Analysis in a MultinationalOil Firm in Nigeria

Ghana, one of the fastest growing liberalized developing economies in Africa, has, in recent years, established a nationwide rural bank system and has witnessed an increase in the entry of foreign retail banks. Although there are increased activities and interest about bank offerings and bank–customer relationships in Ghana (Dadzie, Akaah, and Dunson, 1989), to date, researchers have overlooked the factors underpinning consumers' selection criteria of retail banks in Ghana (Owusu-Frimpong, 1999). This exploratory research complements extant studies on retail bank selection by developing a scale providing insights into consumers' selection of retail banks in Ghana. The results identify three key factors, namely, “competence,” “recommendation by parents,” and “free banking/no bank charges” that are important in the decisions and selection of retail banks. The reliability and validity of the scale were assessed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Conclusions, managerial implications, limitati...

The Development of a Scale Measuring Consumers' Selection of Retail Banks in Ghana

The purpose of this paper is to gain a deeper understanding of Ghana's tourism positioning and whether a literature-derived positioning framework can further elaborate the latter. Using the face-to-face long interviews among key policy makers, marketing managers and experts, and observation techniques, data were collected and analyzed via the inductive reasoning approach. The results show that Ghana's tourism positioning aim is built around perceptions of a “com petitive middle class tourist destination,” i.e., “profit and status” through the pursuit of “functional” positioning objective. Positioning strategies including “service”, “value for money”, “culture”, “selectivity”, “attractiveness”, “reliability”, “manpower development”, “quality controls” and “ecology” are pursued in order to achieve the aim and objectives. The latter are managed/positioned in the “primal” positioning life cycle stage. Conclusions, managerial implications, future research directions and limitations are noted.

An Investigation of Ghana's Tourism Positioning

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