While affordability is traditionally assessed in economic terms, this paper tests a new assessment method that draws closer links with sustainability by considering economic, social and environmental criteria that impact on a household’s quality of life. The paper presents an empirical application and comparison of six different multiple criteria decision making (MCDM) approaches for the purpose of assessing sustainable housing affordability.

The comparative performance of the weighted product model (WPM), the weighted sum model (WSM), the revised AHP, TOPSIS and COPRAS, is investigated. The purpose of the comparative analysis is to determine how different MCDM methods compare when used for a sustainable housing affordability assessment model. 20 Evaluative criteria and 10 alternative are as in Liverpool, England, were considered. The applicability of different MCDM methods for the focused decision problem was investigated. The paper discusses the similarities in MCDM methods, evaluates their robustness and contrasts the resulting rankings.

/pdf/comparative-analysis-of-mcdm-methods-for-the-assessment-of-56bw27dfus.pdf

Comparative analysis of MCDM methods for the assessment of sustainable housing affordability

Urban sprawl in the Mediterranean?: Patterns of growth and change in the Barcelona Metropolitan Region 1993–2000

Since the second half of the 20th century, urban shrinkage has become a common pathway of transformation for many large cities across the globe. Although the appearance of shrinkage is fairly unive...

/pdf/conceptualizing-urban-shrinkage-2bv2zdpfcn.pdf

Conceptualizing Urban Shrinkage

Landscape metrics in the analysis of urban land use patterns: A case study in a Spanish metropolitan area

The issue of urban shrinkage has become the new ‘normal’ across Europe: a large number of urban areas find themselves amongst the cities losing population. According to recent studies, almost 42 per cent of all large European cities are currently shrinking. In eastern Europe, shrinking cities have formed the overwhelming majority – here, three out of four cities report a decrease in population. Shrinkage has proved to be a very diverse and complex phenomenon. In our understanding, a considerable and constant loss of population by an urban area classifies it as a shrinking city. So, while the indicator of shrinkage used here is rather simple, the nature of the process and its causes and consequences for the affected urban areas are multifaceted and need to be explained and understood in further detail. Set against this background, the article presents, first, urban shrinkage as both spatially and temporally uneven. Second, this article shows that the causes of urban shrinkage are as varied as they are nume...

Varieties of shrinkage in European cities

Urban Sprawl in Europe

Contributors. Preface. Acknowledgments. Part I Theory and Method . 1 Introduction: Definitions, Theories and Methods of Comparative Analysis . Chris Couch, Lila Leontidou and Karl-Olov Arnstberg. Background. The origins of suburbia and urban sprawl in Europe and the USA. Some differences between Europe and the USA. The development of theory and policy in Europe. Methodology. The structure of the book. Note. References. 2 Sprawl in European Cities: The Comparative Background . Diana Reckien and Jay Karecha. Urban trends in Europe. Urban trends in the case study cities. Conclusions. Appendix: Patterns of growth and sprawl across European cities. References. Part II Types of Urban Sprawl in Europe . 3 Infrastructure-related Urban Sprawl: Mega-events and Hybrid Peri-urban Landscapes in Southern Europe. Lila Leontidou, Alex Afouxenidis, Elias Kourliouros and Emmanuel Marmaras. Introduction: theory and method. 'Astyphilia' and popular spontaneous suburbanisation untilthe 1970s. Modernism and urban land policy after EU accession. Toward the entrepreneurial city and post-Olympic landscapes. Mega-events and Mediterranean urban futures. Notes. References. 4 Sprawl in the Post-Socialist City: The Changing Economic andInstitutional Context of Central and Eastern European Cities . Natasa Pichler-Milanovi , Ma gorzata Gutry-Korycka and Dieter Rink. Socialist cities in Central and Eastern Europe. Transition reforms in Central and Eastern Europe. The patterns of urban sprawl in post-socialist cities. The causes of urban sprawl in the post-socialist cities. The consequences of urban sprawl in post-socialist cities. Policy responses. Conclusions: what is needed for 'sustainable' sprawl in post-socialist cities?. Notes. References. 5 Decline and Sprawl: Urban Sprawl is not Confined to Expanding City Regions . Henning Nuissl, Dieter Rink, Chris Couch and Jay Karecha. Sprawl in the context of urban decline. Trends in urban sprawl in Britain and Germany. The two cases. Comparisons between Liverpool and Leipzig. Conclusions. Notes. References. 6 No Place Like Second Home: Weekends, Holidays, Retirement and Urban Sprawl . Karl-Olov Arnstberg and Inger Bergstrom. The largest industry in the world. A short history of the summerhouse. The summers of my childhood. Two homes. Making and maintaining roots. Recreation, retirement ...and investment. Retreat to a loved place. Varmdo, a sprawled community in the Stockholm region. References. Part III Models, Urban Policy and Sustainability . 7 Modelling Urban Sprawl: Actors and Mathematics . Matthias Ludeke, Diana Reckien and Gerhard Petschel-Held. Actors, actor classes and sprawl. The actor versus the structural perspective on sprawl. Identifying the feedbacks. Operationalising the qualitative attractivity migration model. Validation and future scenarios. Using a QUAM model for policy analysis. From general targets to specific policy mechanisms: a model analysis. Discussion of case specific strategy - suggestions from a QUAM perspective. Conclusions. Appendix. References. 8 Lines of Defence: Policies for the Control of Urban Sprawl . Henning Nuissl and Chris Couch. The aims of policy. The mechanisms of policy. Regulation. Economic intervention: direct investment, taxation or subsidy. Institutional change, management and advocacy. Conclusions. Notes. References. 9 Urban Sprawl and Hybrid Cityscapes in Europe: Comparisons, Theory Construction and Conclusions . Lila Leontidou and Chris Couch. 'Urban', 'suburban', 'post-suburban', and their in-between spaces. Deconstructing the dualism of causes/consequences of urban sprawl. A systematic comparison of city case studies. Cultures of urbanism and sprawl in Europe. Hybrid landscapes and questions of sustainability. Note. References. Index

Urban sprawl in Europe : landscapes, land-use change & policy

From Long-Term Shrinkage to Re-Growth? The Urban Development Trajectories of Liverpool and Leipzig

Factors driving the regrowth of European cities and the role of local and contextual impacts : A contrasting analysis of regrowing and shrinking cities

British cities appear to be moving from a period of counter-urbanization to a period of reurbanization. One reason for this appears to be the growth of residential development in city centres. At the same time as there has been a boom in city centre housing, many cities appear to have experienced housing market failure in parts of the inner urban area. Through a study of Liverpool this article considers the evidence to support the notion that reurbanization is becoming an established trend, and why. What is the relationship between this emerging central area housing market and the surrounding inner urban areas? What are the implications for planning practice? The article concludes that there is evidence of reurbanization, partly driven by the economic revival of the city centre economy. But this emerging housing sector caters only for a niche population and makes a relatively inefficient contribution to housing supply. However, with the exception of student housing, it appears to be segmented fro...

Reurbanization and Housing Markets in the Central and Inner Areas of Liverpool

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