Process migration is the act of transferring a process between two machines. It enables dynamic load distribution, fault resilience, eased system administration, and data access locality. Despite these goals and ongoing research efforts, migration has not achieved widespread use. With the increasing deployment of distributed systems in general, and distributed operating systems in particular, process migration is again receiving more attention in both research and product development. As high-performance facilities shift from supercomputers to networks of workstations, and with the ever-increasing role of the World Wide Web, we expect migration to play a more important role and eventually to be widely adopted.This survey reviews the field of process migration by summarizing the key concepts and giving an overview of the most important implementations. Design and implementation issues of process migration are analyzed in general, and then revisited for each of the case studies described: MOSIX, Sprite, Mach, and Load Sharing Facility. The benefits and drawbacks of process migration depend on the details of implementation and, therefore, this paper focuses on practical matters. This survey will help in understanding the potentials of process migration and why it has not caught on.

Process migration

Process migration is the act of transferring a process between two machines. It enables dynamic load distribution, fault resilience, eased system administration, and data access locality. Despite these goals and ongoing research efforts, migration has not achieved widespread use. With the increasing deployment of distributed systems in general, and distributed operating systems in particular, process migration is again receiving more attention in both research and product development. As high-performance facilities shift from supercomputers to networks of workstations, and with the ever-increasing role of the World Wide Web, we expect migration to play a more important role and eventually to be widely adopted.
This survey reviews the field of process migration by summarizing the key concepts and giving an overview of the most important implementations. Design and implementation issues of process migration are analyzed in general, and then revisited for each of the case studies described: MOSIX, Sprite, Mach, and Load Sharing Facility. The benefits and drawbacks of process migration depend on the details of implementation and, therefore, this paper focuses on practical matters. This survey will help in understanding the potentials of process migration and why it has not caught on.

Distributed computer systems have been the subject of a vast amount of research. Many prototype distributed computer systems have been built at university, industrial, commercial, and government research laboratories, and production systems of all sizes and types have proliferated. It is impossible to survey all distributed computing system research. Instead, this paper identifies six fundamental distributed computer system research issues, points out open research problems in these areas, and describes how these six issues and solutions to problems associated with them transect the communications subnet, the distributed operating system, and the distributed database areas. It is intended that this perspective on distributed computer system research serve as a form of survey, but more importantly to illustrate and encourage a better integration and exchange of ideas from various subareas of distributed computer system research.

A Perspective on Distributed Computer Systems

A generalized mapping strategy that uses a combination of graph theory, mathematical programming, and heuristics is proposed. The authors use the knowledge from the given algorithm and the architecture to guide the mapping. The approach begins with a graphical representation of the parallel algorithm (problem graph) and the parallel computer (host graph). Using these representations, the authors generate a new graphical representation (extended host graph) on which the problem graph is mapped. An accurate characterization of the communication overhead is used in the objective functions to evaluate the optimality of the mapping. An efficient mapping scheme is developed which uses two levels of optimization procedures. The objective functions include minimizing the communication overhead and minimizing the total execution time which includes both computation and communication times. The mapping scheme is tested by simulation and further confirmed by mapping a real world application onto actual distributed environments. >

http://cvrc.ece.utexas.edu/Publications/V.%20Chaudhary,%20A%20Generalized%20Scheme%20for%20Mapping%20Parallel%20Algorithms.pdf

A generalized scheme for mapping parallel algorithms

Experiences in Fault Tolerant Computing, 1947-1971.- Evolution of Fault Tolerant Switching Systems in AT&T.- Fault Tolerance in Tandem Computer Systems.- Evolution of Reliable Computing in Hitachi and Autonomous Decentralized System.- A History of Research in Fault Tolerant Computing at SRI International.- The Evolution of Fault Tolerant Computing at the Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, 1955-85.- The Evolution of Fault Tolerant Computing at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory and at UCLA: 1955-1986.- Dependable Computing and Fault Tolerance at LAAS: a Summary.- Reliable Digital Systems and Related Stanford University Research.- Design Fault Tolerance.- The Evolution of Fault Tolerant Computing at the University of Illinois.- The Evolution of Fault Tolerant Computing at the University of Michigan.- Experimental Research in Reliable Computing at Carnegie Mellon University.- A History of Research in Fault Tolerant Computing at the Grenoble University.- Research Activities on FTC in Japan.- The Evolution of Dependable Computing in Italy.- Fault Tolerant Computing Systems in Germany.- The Technical Committee on Fault Tolerant Computing of The IEEE Computer Society.- Biographies.- Author Index.

The evolution of fault-tolerant computing

In order to implement a distributed system with fail-soft capabilities it is necessary to specify algorithms which redistribute the work load of a failed processor to the remaining good processors. This paper develops a general model to analyze the behavior of these algorithms in a distributed system. Such algorithms should be used with caution as they have the capability of making the entire system Unstable. By unstable we mean that if a processor fails, and its workload is redistributed, then the increased workload directed towards the rest of the system could drive one or more of the processors into overload resulting in a serious degradation of system performance. Using the general model we have studied a class of load redistribution algorithms which use various techniques to redistribute workload. These techniques include: buffering jobs arriving to the failed processor, transmitting only the jobs in the queue of the failed processor, and rerouting all jobs around the failed processor. For this class of algorithms we have derived closed form expressions for the performance of the system as a function of job arrival rate, job service rate, processor failure rate, and processor service rate. In addition, we have defined a criterion which, if adhered to, will guarantee system stability in the event of failure.

Load Redistribution Under Failure in Distributed Systems

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Load Redistribution Under Failure in Distributed Systems