Transparent ceramics: Processing, materials and applications

The angular resolution of electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) measurements can be significantly improved using an analysis based on determination of small shifts in features from one pattern to the next using cross-correlation functions. Using pattern shift measurements at many regions of the pattern, errors in the best fit strain and rotation tensors can be reduced. The authors show that elements of the strain tensor and small misorientations can be measured to ± 10−4 and ±0·006° for rotations. We apply the technique to two quite different materials systems. First, we determine the elastic strain distribution near the interface in a cross-sectioned SiGe epilayer, Si substrate semiconductor heterostructure. The plane stress boundary conditions at the sample surface are used to separate every term in the strain tensor. Second, the applicability to structural materials is illustrated by determining the lattice curvature caused by dislocations within the plastic zone associated with the wake and ...

/pdf/high-resolution-mapping-of-strains-and-rotations-using-20fnn8q8vp.pdf

High resolution mapping of strains and rotations using electron backscatter diffraction

Solid‐state lighting is advancing toward higher power, higher brightness, and smaller size to cope with the market competitiveness, and laser‐driven solid‐state lighting technology is springing up owing to its super‐high brightness and compactness. These developments put forward new requirements for color conversion materials (i.e., phosphors). Here, the state‐of‐art achievements in laser phosphors are summarized, and the topics of luminescence saturation, light extraction efficiency, and light uniformity encountered in laser lighting technology are discussed. Several typical types of color converters, such as single crystal, phosphor ceramics, phosphor‐in‐glass, phosphor films, and quantum‐well light‐emitting diodes, are comparatively overviewed and discussed. The cutting‐edge applications of high‐brightness white laser light in lighting, displays, healthcare, and communications are summarized. The challenges and outlook in laser‐driven solid‐state lighting and some empirical rules for designing novel laser phosphors are highlighted.

Color Conversion Materials for High-Brightness Laser-Driven Solid-State Lighting

Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are attracting considerable attention around the world. Phosphor materials, as crucial color-converted components, play central roles in LED development. The demands for phosphor materials have become increasingly stringent over the past decades, from high brightness to narrowband emission or function-dependent spectrum engineering. Although substantial progress has been made for currently developed phosphor materials, simultaneously satisfying all requirements for high-level applications remains challenging. In this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive understanding of the development of phosphor materials in different generations and to elucidate the key designed mechanisms concerning the activators and the host structures to fulfill the aforementioned aspects. We highlight the developments in phosphor materials through the classification of demands for high luminescence, high thermal stability, narrowband emission for high color gamut, and broadband emission for near-infrared. We also focus on elucidating the key designed mechanisms of phosphor materials in different generations. Furthermore, future perspectives about micro-LED applications and nanoluminescent materials are provided. This study opens up an avenue for designing the luminescent materials of the future.

Evolutionary Generation of Phosphor Materials and Their Progress in Future Applications for Light-Emitting Diodes.

Solid state laser lighting is a newly emerging technology that combines a blue laser diode (LD) with a yellow-emitting phosphor converter to generate high-brightness white light. Due to high flux irradiation as well as thermal attack from the incident laser, this technology draws a demanding requirement on the thermal performance of the color converter. In this work, we design a Al2O3–YAG:Ce phosphor ceramic with a unique composite structure, where yellow-emitting YAG:Ce particles are embedded in a non-luminescent Al2O3 matrix having high thermal conductivity. The large YAG:Ce particles (5–20 μm) show good crystallinity and a high external quantum efficiency of 76% (upon 460 nm excitation) while the fine Al2O3 grains (0.5–2 μm) contribute to the superior in-line transmittance of 55% at 800 nm by minimizing the birefringence related scattering. The phosphor ceramic exhibits a high thermal conductivity of 18.5 W m−1 K−1 and a remarkable improvement in thermal stability (only an 8% reduction at 200 °C). When irradiated under 445 nm blue laser diodes, the phosphor ceramic shows no luminescence saturation even under a high power density of 50 W mm−2, validating its suitability for high-power solid state laser lighting.

Al2O3–YAG:Ce composite phosphor ceramic: a thermally robust and efficient color converter for solid state laser lighting

We present our achievement which is a ceramic plate phosphorable to produce white light when directly combined with commercially available blue light emitting diodes. The ceramic phase structure is that the Al2O3 particle is uniformly distributed in the Ce:YAG matrix. The Al2O3-Ce:YAG ceramic phosphor has a better luminous efficacy than the transparent Ce:YAG ceramic phosphor under the same test condition. The Al2O3 particle plays an important role in promoting the luminous efficacy. The Al2O3 particle changes the propagation of the light in ceramic, and it reduces the total internal reflection. That is why the composite phase ceramic phosphor improves extraction efficiency of light.

Composite phase ceramic phosphor of Al2O3-Ce:YAG for high efficiency light emitting

Fabrication of Ce:YAG, Ce,Cr:YAG and Ce:YAG/Ce,Cr:YAG dual-layered composite phosphor ceramics for the application of white LEDs

The Faraday isolator based on a new magneto-optical medium – TAG (terbium aluminum garnet) ceramics was implemented and investigated experimentally. The magneto-optical element was temperature-stabilized using water cooling. The device provides a stable isolation ratio of 38 dB at 300 W laser power. Estimates show high performance of the device at a kilowatt laser power.

High-power Faraday isolators based on TAG ceramics

(Tb1−xRx)3Al5O12 (R = Y, Ce) magneto-optical transparent ceramics were synthesized by solid state reaction and vacuum sintering. The two-step sintering method was also applied to investigate the properties of the Y3+ doped Tb3Al5O12 samples. The Verdet constant of the Y3+ doped Tb3Al5O12 transparent ceramic measured at 632.8 nm was −108.79 rad · T−1 · m−1, which was smaller than that of the Tb3Al5O12 transparent ceramics. However, the magneto-optical property of the Ce3+ doped Tb3Al5O12 samples was improved a lot. The Verdet constant measured at 632.8 nm was −199.55 rad · T−1 · m−1, which was about 16% larger than that of Tb3Al5O12.

Fabrication and Performance Optimization of the Magneto-Optical (Tb1-xRx)3Al5O12(R=Y, Ce) Transparent Ceramics

The prospective magnetooptical TGG, TAG and Ce:TAG ceramics for large-aperture Faraday isolators for lasers with average power more than 100W are compared. TGG ceramics is 1.5 times inferior to TGG crystals, whereas TAG ceramics is comparable with TGG crystals in maximum radiation power at the same isolation ratio. Optical power of their thermal lenses is also identical. Improvement of ceramics growth technologies and using doping for increasing Verdet constant is expected to additionally reduce thermal distortions in ceramics.

Study of the properties and prospects of Ce:TAG and TGG magnetooptical ceramics for optical isolators for lasers with high average power

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