From the Publisher: 
A Question of Identity 
Life on the Screen is a fascinating and wide-ranging investigation of the impact of computers and networking on society, peoples' perceptions of themselves, and the individual's relationship to machines. Sherry Turkle, a Professor of the Sociology of Science at MIT and a licensed psychologist, uses Internet MUDs (multi-user domains, or in older gaming parlance multi-user dungeons) as a launching pad for explorations of software design, user interfaces, simulation, artificial intelligence, artificial life, agents, "bots," virtual reality, and "the on-line way of life." 
Turkle's discussion of postmodernism is particularly enlightening. She shows how postmodern concepts in art, architecture, and ethics are related to concrete topics much closer to home, for example AI research (Minsky's "Society of Mind") and even MUDs (exemplified by students with X-window terminals who are doing homework in one window and simultaneously playing out several different roles in the same MUD in other windows). Those of you who have (like me) been turned off by the shallow, pretentious, meaningless paintings and sculptures that litter our museums of modern art may have a different perspective after hearing what Turkle has to say. 
This is a psychoanalytical book, not a technical one. However, software developers and engineers will find it highly accessible because of the depth of the author's technical understanding and credibility. Unlike most other authors in this genre, Turkle does not constantly jar the technically-literate reader with blatant errors or bogus assertions about how things work. Although I personally don't have time or patience for MUDs,view most of AI as snake-oil, and abhor postmodern architecture, I thought the time spent reading this book was an extremely good investment.

스크린 위의 삶 = Life on the screen : identity in the age of the internet

Abstract Spatial ability (SA) was shown to be a robust predictor of success in various educational contexts, including STEM. Thus, ways to improve SA are of interest to educational psychology. There is some evidence that SA might be improved via learning character-based language, e.g. Chinese as a second language (CSL), however, the existing research is quite limited. The study aims to investigate an effect of CSL learning on SA in schoolchildren from Year 2 to Year 7. Current study employs a sample of Russian schoolchildren (N = 283), who learnt: English only, English and Spanish; or English and Chinese. Participants completed Raven’s progressive matrices and Mental rotation task at the age of 8 and again at the age of 14. Our data showed negligible group differences in the initial SA level at Year 2 (before learning second language). Similar negligible differences were found at Year 7. Regression analysis showed that SA was predicted by intelligence (Raven’s) and gender but not language learnt at both ages. This pattern of results indicates that learning a Chinese as a second language is unlikely to affect SA. Further research is needed to investigate whether other factors, such as length, intensity and context of learning, moderate this link. 

/pdf/no-evidence-of-a-positive-effect-of-learning-chinese-3w52n1pw.pdf

No evidence of a positive effect of learning Chinese language as an L2 on spatial ability

The growing trend of bilingual education between Chinese and English has contributed to a rise in the number of early bilingual children, who were exposed to L2 prior to formal language instruction of L1. The L2-L1 transfer effect in an L1-dominant environment has been well established. However, the threshold of L2 proficiency at which such transfer manifests remains unclear. This study investigated the behavioral and neural processes involved when manipulating phonemes in an auditory phonological task to uncover the transfer effect in young bilingual children. Sixty-two first graders from elementary schools in Taiwan were recruited in this study (29 Chinese monolinguals, 33 Chinese-English bilinguals). The brain activity was measured using fNIRS (functional near-infrared spectroscopy). Bilingual children showed right lateralization to process Chinese and left lateralization to process English, which supports more on the accommodation effect within the framework of the assimilation-accommodation hypothesis. Also, compared to monolinguals, bilingual children showed more bilateral frontal activation in Chinese, potentially reflecting a mixed influence from L2-L1 transfer effects and increased cognitive load of bilingual exposure. These results elucidate the developmental adjustments in the neural substrates associated with early bilingual exposure in phonological processing, offering valuable insights into the bilingual learning process. 

Neural Substrates of L2-L1 Transfer Effects on Phonological Awareness in Young Chinese-English Bilingual Children

Brain mechanism underlying learning Chinese as a second language

The present study investigates two constructions in Mandarin — VV-kan and V-kankan — which show an interesting formal asymmetry in the distribution of verbal reduplication and kan ‘see’, but denote the same meaning ‘try … and find out’.

/pdf/verbal-reduplication-and-grammaticalization-a-study-of-1ygeda4hcu.pdf

Verbal Reduplication and Grammaticalization: A Study of Mandarin VV-kan and V-kankan Constructions

Verbal Reduplication and Grammaticalization : A Corpus-based Study on Mandarin VV-kan and V-kankan Constructions

Adopting the theoretical framework of Construction Grammar, the present paper aims to examine the internal structures and constructional meanings of six Mandarin idiomatic prefabs: da-X-da-Y ‘big-X-big-Y’, da-X-xiao-Y ‘big-X-small-Y’, xiao-X-xiao-Y ‘small-X-small-Y’, da-X-wu-Y ‘big-X-no-Y’ and wu-X-wu-Y ‘no-X-no-Y’. The analysis has not only identified five constructional meanings among them, but confirmed the weightiness of semantic integration between lexical and constructional senses. The semantic map approach is further applied to characterize these sense relations in illustration of any multiple inheritance nested among distinct constructional meanings. For instance, the sense of intensification or emphasis is prominent in parallel constructions: meanings inherited from the reduplication structure. On the contrary, non-parallel constructions may carry such senses as overallness, equivalence, contrast, or serve a subjunctive mood.

Internal Structures and Constructional Meanings: ‘Da-X-da-Y’ and Its Related Constructions in Mandarin Chinese


 This study explores a new type of grammaticalisation, namely, grammatical constructionalisation, based on an investigation of the use of a newly emerging construction, the [X.jpg] construction, in online forums in Taiwan. JP(E)G stands for ‘Joint Photographic Experts Group’. As an abbreviation for the file extension of images, it was initially attached to image files in computers. However, in Taiwanese Mandarin, new usages for it have developed, whereby it can be attached to any phrase, including those without any source images, thereby simply pretending that the phrase has an attached image. Since the file extension .jpg is a technical term and a bound morpheme, when it extends to attenuating the force of the speech act, it functions as a pragmatic marker or hedge. This process of change from lexical to grammatical is known as grammatical constructionalisation and reveals the results of the interplay between popular Internet memes and user psychology. When using [X.jpg], users tend to downtone the speaker’s attitude, increase solidarity among insiders and pursue vividness and a sense of humour. This usage initially emerged under the technical limitations of a text-only online environment. The findings of this study suggest that the constructionist approach is an efficient, unified theoretical framework for its explanatory adequacy in addressing issues concerning both synchronic lexical semantics and diachronic grammatical change.

Like a sticker

Adopting the theoretical framework of Construction Grammar, the present paper aims to examine the internal structures, constructional meanings, and syntactic categories of Mandarin parallel idiomatic prefabs A-X-A-Y. The analysis once again confirms the importance of semantic integration between lexical and constructional meanings. Although X and Y seem to dictate the syntactic category of a four-character idiomatic expression, the syntactic category of the whole idiom is indeed adjustable in contextualized real-world language use. This prominent feature, i.e., the flexibility in terms of syntactic behavior, results from the markedness of the four-character skeleton, namely, a grammatical construction. This syntactic flexibility is then argued to be the essential property of Chinese four-character idioms.

From Repetition to Continuation: Construction meaning of Mandarin AXAY Four-Character Idioms

This paper discusses how the so-called social construct, i.e., the frame of heteronormativity, can be maintained, reproduced and enacted by language within same-sex dating communities in the twenty-first century. That is, we examine heteronormativity in discourse collected from two popular same-sex dating websites in Taiwan in order to analyze how heteronormative ideologies influence the linguistic construction of homosexual desires, dating preferences, and queer relationships. By scrutinizing the keywords in the corpora through the lens of Critical Discourse Analysis and Corpus Linguistics, we argue that there are still power relationships among Taiwanese gay men and lesbian women seeking romantic love online that are informed by heteronormative ideologies around gender within the scope of homosexuality. On the one hand, the keywords contain many binary roles providing conventional interactional modes for Taiwanese homosexual couples that show great similarity to those in heterosexual relationships. On the other hand, the analysis indicates that heteronormative constructions of masculinity and femininity are related to anxieties over mainstream preferences for dating on the two target websites.

/pdf/articulating-sexuality-desire-and-identity-a-keyword-58ho84exn2.pdf

Articulating Sexuality, Desire, and Identity: A Keyword Analysis of Heteronormativity in Taiwanese Gay and Lesbian Dating Websites

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