Metal sulfide nanoparticles (MSNs) have attracted significant attention due to their unique optical, electronic, and catalytic properties. These nanomaterials have great potential for many applications, such as solar cells, sensors,...

pdf/response-surface-methodology-a-powerful-tool-for-optimizing-2kz0klrt4p.pdf

Response Surface Methodology: A Powerful Tool for Optimizing the Synthesis of Metal Sulfide Nanoparticles for Dye Degradation

Background and purpose: Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have gained incredible consideration in the biomedical field due to their flexible structural configuration, tunable pore size and tailorable surface modification. These inherent characteristics of MOFs portray numerous merits as potential drug carriers, depicting improved drug loading, site-specific drug delivery, biocompatibility, biodegradability, etc. Review approach: The current review article sheds light on the synthesis and use of MOFs in drug delivery applications. In the beginning, a brief overview of the key components and efficient fabrication techniques for MOF synthesis, along with its characterization methods, have been presented. The MOFs-based formulations have been critically discussed. The application of the design of experiments (DoE) approach to optimize MOFs has been elucidated. The MOFs-based formulations, especially the application of stimuli-responsive MOFs for site-specific drug delivery, have been deciphered. Along with drug release kinetic models, several administration methods for MOFs have also been enunciated. Subsequently, MOFs as future potential drug carriers have been elaborated. Key results and conclusion: Recently, MOFs have emerged as versatile drug delivery carriers possessing customization potential and meeting the needs of spatio-temporal drug delivery. Researchers have devised several environment-friendly approaches for MOF construction and surface modification. Owing to stimuli-responsive potential, MOFs have demonstrated their prominent therapeutic efficacy via several routes of administration. The numerous benefits of MOFs would certainly open up a new vista for its novel drug delivery applications.
 

Metal-organic frameworks: Drug delivery applications and future prospects

Applying a design of experiments methodology to molten salt synthesis of nanoporous carbons enables inverse design and optimization of N-rich carbon adsorbents with excellent CO2 /N2 selectivity and appreciable CO2 capacity for carbon capture via swing adsorption from dilute gas mixtures, such as natural gas combined cycle flue gas. This data-driven study reveals fundamental relationships between the synthesis conditions, physicochemical properties, and achievable selective adsorption performance of N-rich nanoporous carbons derived from molten salt synthesis for CO2 capture. Taking advantage of size-sieving separation of CO2 (3.30 Å) from N2 (3.64 Å) within the turbostratic nanostructure of these N-rich carbons, while limiting deleterious N2 adsorption in a weaker adsorption site that harms selectivity, enables a large low-pressure CO2 capacity (0.73 mmol/g at 30.4 Torr and 30°C) with noteworthy concurrent CO2 /N2 selectivity (SIAST = 246, adsorbed phase purity = 91%) from a simulated gas stream with only 4% CO2 . This study reveals general structure-function relationships of selective CO2 adsorption by nanoporous carbon adsorbents. Optimized N-rich porous carbons, with good physicochemical stability, low cost, and moderate regeneration energy, can achieve performance for selective CO2 adsorption that competes with other classes of advanced porous materials, such as chemisorbing zeolites and functionalized metal-organic frameworks. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

A Data-Driven Approach to Molten Salt Synthesis of N-rich Carbon Adsorbents for Selective CO2 Capture.

From responsiveness in biological matter to functional materials: Analogies and inspiration towards the systematic design and synthesis of new smart materials and systems

Abstract Imazapyr (IMA) is currently applied as pre- and post-emergence herbicide for control of weeds in crops. Because of its extensive use, IMA residues may reach water sources and soils. Consequently, its accurate measurement is demanded for timely actions with minimal involved steps and analysis time. Herein, copper oxide particles (Cu2O PS) were proposed as chemical sensor for determination of IMA residues. Cu2O PS were prepared by a facile microwave-assisted method using glucose as reducing agent and polyvinylpyrrolidone as stabilizer. The effect of main experimental parameters on the conversion rate of the Cu2O PS were analyzed by the response surface methodology. Obtained particles were thoroughly characterized in order to determine the particle size distribution, morphology, surface charge, optical and surface properties for further application. Determination of IMA was only based on the localized surface plasmon resonance band of Cu2O PS at 473 nm. Under optimal conditions, the method was evaluated in the concentration range between 80.0 and 1,000 μg L−1 showing a limit of detection about 101 μg L−1 (R2 >0.98). The applicability of the proposed methodology to determine IMA in soil and water samples was assessed with satisfactory recoveries (104–121.8%) displaying a good implementation prospect in environmental complex matrices.

Microwave-assisted synthesis of copper oxide particles and its application for determination of imazapyr in environmental samples

This review was devoted to outlining the use and potential increasing application of the Design of Experiment (DoE) approach to the rational and planned synthesis of inorganic nanomaterials, with a particular focus on polycrystalline nanostructures (metal and alloys, oxides, chalcogenides, halogenides, etc.) produced by sustainable wet chemistry routes based on a multi-parameter experimental landscape. After having contextualised the stringent need for a rational approach to inorganic materials’ synthesis, a concise theoretical background on DoE is provided, focusing on its statistical basis, shortly describing the different sub-methodologies, and outlining the pros and cons of each. In the second part of the review, a wider section is dedicated to the application of DoE to the rational synthesis of different kinds of chemical systems, with a specific focus on inorganic materials.

/pdf/design-of-experiment-a-rational-and-still-unexplored-1rt9wrld.pdf

Design of Experiment: A Rational and Still Unexplored Approach to Inorganic Materials’ Synthesis

The possibility to precisely control reaction outcomes for pursuing materials with well-defined features is a main endeavor in the development of inorganic materials. Confining reactions within a confined space, such as nanoreactors, is an extremely promising methodology which allows to ensure control over the final properties of the material. An effective room temperature inverse miniemulsion approach for the controlled synthesis of undoped and Eu3+-doped calcium molybdate crystalline nanophosphors was developed. The advantages and the efficiency of confined space in terms of controlling nanoparticle features like size, shape, and functional properties are highlighted by systematically comparing miniemulsion products with calcium molybdate particles obtained without confinement from a typical batch synthesis. A relevant beneficial impact of space confinement by miniemulsion nanodroplets is observed on the control of size and shape of the final nanoparticles, resulting in 12 nm spherical nanoparticles with a narrow size distribution, as compared to the 58 nm irregularly shaped and aggregated particles from the batch approach (assessed by TEM analysis). Further considerable effects of the confined space for the miniemulsion samples are found on the doping effectiveness, leading to a more homogeneous distribution of the Eu3+ ions into the molybdate host matrix, without segregation (assessed by PXRD, XAS, and ICP-MS). These findings are finally related to the photoluminescence properties, which are evidenced to be closely dependent on the Eu3+ content for the miniemulsion samples, as an increase of the relative intensity of the direct f–f excitation and a shortening of the lifetime (from 0.901 ms for 1 at. % to 0.625 ms for 7 at. % samples) with increasing Eu3+ content are observed, whereas no relationship between these parameters and the Eu3+ content is evidenced for the batch samples. All these results are ascribed to the uniform and controlled crystallization occurring inside each miniemulsion nanodroplet, as opposed to the less controlled nucleation and growth for a classic nonconfined approach. 

Effective Space Confinement by Inverse Miniemulsion for the Controlled Synthesis of Undoped and Eu3+-Doped Calcium Molybdate Nanophosphors: A Systematic Comparison with Batch Synthesis

The increasing demand for environmentally friendly and sustainable approaches to materials synthesis calls, inter alia , for the development of biogenic methods to produce inorganic compounds by exploiting biological macromolecules and organisms. This study focuses on the optimization of a one-pot green synthesis of zinc oxide (ZnO) particles using microalgae extracts as a biogenic agent. Microalgae serve as an environmentally friendly platform for biotechnological applications due to their ability to promote the synthesis of valuable chemicals, thanks to their active components, such as enzymes. A systematic investigation of the experimental parameters revealed that both the reaction temperature and the concentration of microalgae extract significantly influenced the crystallite size of ZnO nanoparticles. In addition, the role of sodium hydroxide as a precipitating agent when used in combination with microalgae extract was addressed and compared with existing literature. The results indicate that microalgae extract can act as a scaffold to promote the controlled growth of ZnO particles. Antimicrobial tests also showed that ZnO particles synthesized with microalgae exhibited comparable antimicrobial activity with respect to ZnO produced by conventional methods. These results highlight the potential of microalgae as biogenic agents for the green synthesis of ZnO particles with tunable structural and antimicrobial properties.

Unveiling the Role of the Microalga Nannochloropsis gaditana in the Biogenic Synthesis of Zinc Oxide

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Design of Experiment: A Rational and Still Unexplored Approach to Inorganic Materials’ Synthesis

Effective Space Confinement by Inverse Miniemulsion for the Controlled Synthesis of Undoped and Eu3+-Doped Calcium Molybdate Nanophosphors: A Systematic Comparison with Batch Synthesis

Unveiling the Role of the Microalga Nannochloropsis gaditana in the Biogenic Synthesis of Zinc Oxide