Content delivery networks play a crucial role in today’s Internet. They serve a large portion of the multimedia on the Internet and solve problems of scalability and indirectly network congestion (at a price). However, most content delivery networks rely on a statically deployed configuration of nodes and network topology that makes it hard to grow and scale dynamically. We present ActiveCDN, a novel CDN architecture that allows a content publisher to dynamically scale their content delivery services using network virtualization and cloud computing techniques.

/pdf/activecdn-cloud-computing-meets-content-delivery-networks-3716voi7p1.pdf

ActiveCDN: Cloud Computing Meets Content Delivery Networks

Content Delivery Networks have gained a popular role among application service providers (ASPs) and infrastructural companies A CDN is an overlay network that gives more control of asset delivery by strategically placing servers closer to the end-user, reducing response time and network congestion Many strategies have been proposed to deal with aspects inherent to the CDN distribution model Though mostly very effective, a traditional CDN approach of statically positioned elements often fails to meet quality of experience (QoE) requirements when network conditions suddenly change In this paper, we introduce the idea of CDN virtualization The goal is to allow programmatically modification in CDN infrastructure designed for video distribution, adapting it to new operating conditions We developed a complete simulator focused on CDN overlay network characteristics where we implemented several approaches for each of the CDN elements Our results show a decrease of 20% in startup delay and network usage

/pdf/a-case-for-virtualization-of-content-delivery-networks-1vgua3vz7u.pdf

A case for virtualization of content delivery networks

With the rapid spread of information and ubiquitous access of browsers, flash crowds, a sudden, unanticipated surge in the volume of request rates, have become the bane of many Internet websites. This paper models and presents FCAN, an adaptive network that dynamically optimizes the system structure between peer-to-peer (P2P) and client-server (C/S) configurations to alleviate flash crowds effect. FCAN constructs P2P overlay on cache proxy server layer to distribute the flash traffic from origin server. It uses policy-configured DNS redirection to route the client requests in balance, and adopts strategy load detection to monitor and react the load changes. Our preliminary simulation results showed that the system is overall well behaved, which validates the correctness of our design.

FCAN: Flash Crowds Alleviation Network Using Adaptive P2P Overlay of Cache Proxies

In this paper we present some contemporary examples of research-oriented as well as commercial content delivery networks (CDN)s. We discuss how both types of CDNs complement each other in tackling the posed technical and commercial challenges. We also show which performance metrics such as quality of experience (QoE) and time to first byte (TTFB) best capture the dynamics of traffic and services in CDNs. The core of this paper is our proposed network architecture for CDN providers/operators. The architecture combines video multicast optimized trees and cross-layer coordination between the physical DWDM layer (L1) and network layer (L3) for achieving higher efficiency and lower latency values for live streaming and on demand (VoD) video. Due to the pilot implementation of the presented concept being limited in scale, we use simulations in order to perform proof-of-concept on a sufficiently large environment. Results show that there is a strong correlation between the TTFB and QoE metrics with the former taking on values as low as 75 msec in a national 3-tier network.

/pdf/challenges-and-opportunities-in-content-distribution-52mcljvio1.pdf

Challenges and opportunities in content distribution networks: A case study

Cloud computing can offer a set of computing resources according to users' demand. It is suitable to be used to handle flash-crowd events in Web applications due to its elasticity and on-demand characteristics. Thus, when Web applications need more computing or storage capacity, they just instantiate new resources. However, providers have to estimate the amount of resources to instantiate to handle with the flash-crowd event. This estimation is far from trivial since each cloud environment provides several kinds of heterogeneous resources, each one with its own characteristics such as bandwidth, CPU, memory and financial cost. In this paper, the Flash Crowd Handling Problem (FCHP) is precisely defined and formulated as an integer programming problem. A new algorithm for handling with a flash crowd named FCHP-ILS is also proposed. With FCHP-ILS the Web applications can replicate contents in the already instantiated resources and define the types and amount of resources to instantiate in the cloud during a flash crowd. Our approach is evaluated considering real flash crowd traces obtained from the related literature. We also present a case study, based on a synthetic dataset representing flash-crowd events in small scenarios aiming at the comparison of the proposed approach against Amazon's Auto-Scale mechanism.

Handling flash-crowd events to improve the performance of web applications

Given the increase in frequency and overall unpredictability, flash crowds have been the bane on internet website. This paper introduces FCAN, a flexibly adaptive network built on cache proxy server layer, transiting architecture between C/S and P2P mode according to the real-time network traffics, as a possible approach to address the flash crowds. The paper concludes the characteristics of flash crowds, describes the design idea and overviews its implementation issues.

/pdf/flash-crowds-alleviation-via-dynamic-adaptive-network-2r5quxhh6j.pdf

Flash crowds alleviation via dynamic adaptive network

L-043 Simulation of Adaptive Network against Flash Crowds

With the rapid spread of information and ubiquitous access of browsers, flash crowd, a sudden, unanticipated surge in the volume of request rates, has become the bane of many Internet websites. This paper models and presents FCAN, an adaptive CDN network that dynamically optimizes the system structure between peer-to-peer (P2P) and client-server(C/S) configurations to alleviate flash crowds effect. FCAN constructs P2P overlay on cache proxy layer to distribute the flash traffic from origin web server. It uses policy-configured DNS redirection to route the client requests in balance, and adopts strategy load detection to monitor and react the load changes. Our preliminary simulation result shows that the system is overall well behaved, which validates the correctness of our basic design and points the way for the future research.

FCAN: Flash Crowds Alleviation Network

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FCAN: Flash Crowds Alleviation Network Using Adaptive P2P Overlay of Cache Proxies

Flash crowds alleviation via dynamic adaptive network

L-043 Simulation of Adaptive Network against Flash Crowds

FCAN: Flash Crowds Alleviation Network