Artificial intelligence and consumer behavior: From predictive to generative AI

In recent years, recommendation systems have become essential for businesses to enhance customer satisfaction and generate revenue in various domains, such as e-commerce and entertainment. Deep learning techniques have significantly improved the accuracy and efficiency of these systems. However, there is a lack of literature regarding classification in systematic review papers that summarize the latest deep-learning techniques used in recommendation systems. Moreover, certain existing review papers have either overlooked state-of-the-art techniques or restricted their coverage to a narrow spectrum of domains. To address these research gaps, we present a systematic review paper that comprehensively analyzes the literature on deep learning techniques in recommendation systems, specifically using term classification. We analyzed relevant studies published between 2018 and February 2023, examining the techniques, datasets, domains, and measurement metrics used in these studies, utilizing a thorough SLR strategy. Our review reveals that deep learning techniques, such as graph neural networks, convolutional neural networks, and recurrent neural networks, have been widely used in recommendation systems. Furthermore, our study highlights the emerging area of research in domain classification, which has shown promising results in applying deep learning techniques to domains such as social networks, e-commerce, and e-learning. Our review paper offers insights into the deep learning techniques used across different recommendation systems and provides suggestions for future research. Our review fills a critical research gap and offers a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners interested in deep learning techniques for recommendation systems.

Deep Learning-Based Recommendation System: Systematic Review and Classification

By constructing an integrated model that delves into the intricate relationship between algorithmic ethical perceptions (i.e., fairness, accountability, and transparency), algorithmic legitimacy, and continuous usage intentions of e-commerce platforms, this study aims to investigate the antecedents and consequences of algorithmic legitimacy. Through the utilization of structural equation modeling, we analyzed 488 questionnaires, revealing that the fairness, accountability, and transparency of algorithmic processes within e-commerce platforms positively affected algorithmic legitimacy. Additionally, algorithmic legitimacy exerted a positive influence on the continuous usage intention of e-commerce platforms. Algorithmic legitimacy mediated the effect of algorithmic fairness, accountability, and transparency on the continuous usage intention of e-commerce platforms. Furthermore, this study unearthed the moderating role of user innovativeness and found it weakened the positive impact of algorithmic legitimacy on the continuous usage intention of e-commerce platforms. This study provides valuable insights into legitimacy theory in the domain of algorithms by introducing the conceptualization of algorithmic legitimacy and examining its antecedents and consequences. Moreover, this study enhances our current understanding of ethical considerations related to algorithms in the context of digital intelligence. 

Towards more legitimate algorithms: A model of algorithmic ethical perception, legitimacy, and continuous usage intentions of e-commerce platforms

Abstract Heterogeneous information networks are increasingly used in recommendation algorithms. However, they lack an explicit representation of meta-paths. In using bidirectional neural interaction models for recommendation models, interaction between users and items is often ignored, with an integral impact on the accuracy of the recommendations. To better apply the interaction information, this study proposes a weight-normalized movie recommendation model (SCLW_MCRec) based on a three-way neural interaction network. The model constructs a three-way neural interaction network $$\langle $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mo>⟨</mml:mo> </mml:math> user, meta-path, item $$\rangle $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mo>⟩</mml:mo> </mml:math> from meta-path contextual information, introducing meta-paths on top of the user-item representation to represent the user-item interaction information. Introduction of a two-layer, one-dimensional convolutional neural network helps capture higher-order interaction features between the user and the item, making the model more powerful in terms of interaction. Adding a dropout layer to the interaction model and using a two-layer convolutional neural network can prevent overfitting and discard irrelevant information features to improve the recommendation. In addition, an extreme cross-entropy loss (argmaxminloss) that incorporates the properties of the argmin and argmax functions is designed to reduce the model loss. A weight-normalization optimization approach is used to better optimize the model and accelerate convergence of the stochastic gradient descent optimization. Compared to current state-of-the-art recommendation models, the SCLW_MCRec model improves the Prec evaluation index by 2.94–35.8%, Recall by 1.15–53.51%, and NDCG by 6.7–49.37% on the MovieLens dataset. The framework provides a significant improvement in recommendation accuracy and also solves the cold-start problem with application of interaction information. 

Weight normalization optimization movie recommendation algorithm based on three-way neural interaction networks

It is well-known that data sparsity and cold start are two of the open problems in recommendation system research. Numerous studies have been dedicated to dealing with those two problems. Among these, a method of introducing user context information could effectively solve the problem of data sparsity and improve the accuracy of recommendation algorithms. This study proposed a novel approach called IT-PMF (Implicit Trust-Probabilistic Matrix Factorization) based on implicit trust, which consists of local implicit trust relationships and in-group membership. The study started from generating the user commodity rating matrix based on the cumulative purchases for items according to their historical purchase records to find the similarity of purchase behaviors and the number of successful interactions between users, which represent the local implicit trust relationship between users. The user group attribute value was calculated through a fuzzy c-means clustering algorithm to obtain the user’s in-group membership. The local implicit trust relationship and the user’s in-group membership were adjusted by the adaptive weight to determine the degree of each part’s influence. Then, the author integrated the user’s score of items and the user’s implicit trust relationship into the probabilistic matrix factorization algorithm to form a trusted recommendation model based on implicit trust relationships and in-group membership. The extensive experiments were conducted using a real dataset collected from a community E-commerce platform, and the IT-PMF method had a better performance in both MAE (Mean Absolute Error) and RMSE (Root Mean Square Error) indices compared with well-known existing algorithms, such as PMF (Probabilistic Matrix Factorization) and SVD (Single Value Decomposition). The results of the experiments indicated that the introduction of implicit trust into PMF could improve the quality of recommendations.

/pdf/it-pmf-a-novel-community-e-commerce-recommendation-method-1wcv6pag.pdf

IT-PMF: A Novel Community E-Commerce Recommendation Method Based on Implicit Trust

In MOOCs, generally speaking, curriculum designing, course selection, and knowledge concept recommendation are the three major steps that systematically instruct users to learn. This paper focuses on the knowledge concept recommendation in MOOCs, which recommends related topics to users to facilitate their online study. The existing approaches only consider the historical behaviors of users, but ignore various kinds of auxiliary information, which are also critical for user embedding. In addition, traditional recommendation models only consider the immediate user response to the recommended items, and do not explicitly consider the long-term interests of users. To deal with the above issues, this paper proposes AGMKRec, a novel reinforced concept recommendation model with a heterogeneous information network. We first clarify the concept recommendation in MOOCs as a reinforcement learning problem to offer a personalized and dynamic knowledge concept label list to users. To consider more auxiliary information of users, we construct a heterogeneous information network among users, courses, and concepts, and use a meta-path-based method which can automatically identify useful meta-paths and multi-hop connections to learn a new graph structure for learning effective node representations on a graph. Comprehensive experiments and analyses on a real-world dataset collected from XuetangX show that our proposed model outperforms some state-of-the-art methods.

Automatic Generation of Meta-Path Graph for Concept Recommendation in MOOCs

Many retailers (e.g., Amazon, Walmart) use various types of online recommendation agents (RAs) on their websites to suggest goods and services to consumers. These RAs screen millions of options to ease consumers' information search and evaluation. To determine which RA types best support consumers' efforts, the present research reports a meta-analysis of perceived recommendation quality research, a key performance metric that gauges RAs from consumers' perspectives. To test the framework derived from this meta-analysis, the authors rely on data gathered from 32,172 consumers, reported in 122 samples. The results affirm that some RAs perform better than others in leveraging the effects of perceived recommendation quality on consumers' decision-making satisfaction, RA satisfaction, and intention to use the RA in the future. The best performing RAs feature specific algorithms (i.e., collaborative filtering, interactive RAs, and self-serving recommendations), recommendation presentations (i.e., solicited recommendation), and data sources (i.e., location-based and social network–based RAs). Moreover, the results suggest that some RAs perform better than others in leveraging the effects of decision-making and RA satisfaction on future use intentions. These insights advance RA theory and provide guidance for managers, with regard to choosing the optimal RA. 

Testing the performance of online recommendation agents: A meta-analysis

To provide more accurate and stable recommendations, it is necessary to combine display information with implicit information and to dig out potential information. Existing methods only consider explicit feedback information or implicit feedback information unilaterally and ignore the potential information of explicit feedback information and implicit feedback information, which is also crucial to the accuracy of the recommendation system. However, the traditional Heterogeneous Information Networks (HIN) recommendation ignores the attribute information in the meta-path and the interaction between the user and the item and, instead, only considers the linear characteristics of the user-object often ignoring its non-linear characteristics. Aiming at the potential information acquisition problem from assorted feedback, we propose a new top-N recommendation method MFDNN for Heterogeneous Information Networks (HINs). First, we consider explicit and implicit feedback information to determine the potential preferences of users and the potential features of the product. Then, matrix factorization (MF) and a deep neural network (DNN) are fused to learn independent feature embeddings through MF and DNN, and fully considering the linear and non-linear characteristics of the user-object. MFDNN was tested on several real data sets, such as Movie-Lens, and compared with benchmark experiments. MFDNN significantly improved the hit ratio (HR) and normalized discounted cumulative gain (NDCG). Further research showed that the meta-path bias had an excellent effect on the gain of potential information mining and the fusion of explicit and implicit information in the accuracy and stability of user interest classification.

A Top-N Movie Recommendation Framework Based on Deep Neural Network with Heterogeneous Modeling

Item sequential recommendation based on graph embedding model

The recommendation system has become an indispensable information technology in the real world. The recommendation system based on the diffusion model has been widely used because of its simplicity, scalability, interpretability, and many other advantages. However, the traditional diffusion-based recommendation model only uses the nearest neighbor information, which limits its efficiency and performance. Therefore, in this article, we introduce the centralities of complex networks into the diffusion-based recommendation system and test its performance. The results show that the overall performance of heat conduction algorithm can be improved by 184%–280%, using the centrality of complex networks, reaching almost the same accuracy level as the mass diffusion algorithm. Therefore, the recommendation system combining the high-order network structure information is a potentially promising research direction in the future.

/pdf/structural-centrality-of-networks-can-improve-the-diffusion-3rnuxofb.pdf

Structural centrality of networks can improve the diffusion-based recommendation algorithm

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