Functional phase change materials (PCMs) capable of reversibly storing and releasing tremendous thermal energy during the isothermal phase change process have recently received tremendous attention in interdisciplinary applications. The smart integration of PCMs with functional supporting materials enables multiple cutting-edge interdisciplinary applications, including optical, electrical, magnetic, acoustic, medical, mechanical, and catalytic disciplines etc. Herein, we systematically discuss thermal storage mechanism, thermal transfer mechanism, and energy conversion mechanism, and summarize the state-of-the-art advances in interdisciplinary applications of PCMs. In particular, the applications of PCMs in acoustic, mechanical, and catalytic disciplines are still in their infancy. Simultaneously, in-depth insights into the correlations between microscopic structures and thermophysical properties of composite PCMs are revealed. Finally, current challenges and future prospects are also highlighted according to the up-to-date interdisciplinary applications of PCMs. This review aims to arouse broad research interest in the interdisciplinary community and provide constructive references for exploring next generation advanced multifunctional PCMs for interdisciplinary applications, thereby facilitating their major breakthroughs in both fundamental researches and commercial applications.

Phase Change Thermal Storage Materials for Interdisciplinary Applications.

A state-of-the art review on advancing battery thermal management systems for fast-charging

Thermal energy storage (TES) is increasingly important due to the demand-supply challenge caused by the intermittency of renewable energy and waste heat dissipation to the environment. This paper discusses the fundamentals and novel applications of TES materials and identifies appropriate TES materials for particular applications. The selection and ranking of suitable materials are discussed through multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) techniques considering chemical, technical, economic and thermal performance. The recent advancements in TES materials, including their development, performance and applications are discussed in detail. Such materials show enhanced thermal conductivity, reduced supercooling, and the advantage of having multiple phase change temperatures (cascade PCMs). Nano-enhanced PCMs have found the thermal conductivity enhancement of up to 32% but the latent heat is also reduced by up to 32%. MXene is a recently developed 2D nanomaterial with enhanced electrochemical properties showing thermal conductivity and efficiency up to 16% and 94% respectively. Shape-stabilized PCMs are able to enhance the heat transfer rate several times (3–10 times) and are found to be best suited for solar collector and PV-based heat recovery systems. Cascade and molten slats PCMs find their best applications in the thermal management of buildings and the power sector (concentrated solar plants). Microencapsulated, nanoPCMs and shape-stabilized PCMs effectively reduce the supercooling of hydrated salts. The recent trends of TES materials in various applications, including building, industrial, power, food storage, smart textiles, thermal management, and desalination are also briefly discussed. Finally, future research in advanced energy storage materials is also addressed in this study, which is intended to help create new insights that will revolutionize the thermal management field. 

Advances in thermal energy storage: Fundamentals and applications

CO2 storage with enhanced gas recovery (CSEGR): A review of experimental and numerical studies

In recent years, phase change materials (PCM) have become increasingly popular for energy applications due to their unique properties. However, the low thermal conductivity of PCM during phase change can seriously hinder its wide application, so it is crucial to improve the thermal conductivity of PCM. In this paper, the thermal conductivity mechanism of PCM (basic thermal conductivity, phonon thermal conductivity and channel thermal conductivity) and thermal conductivity prediction models (nano-type and foam-metal type) are systematically discussed from a microscopic perspective, providing a theoretical basis and a validation model for the study of thermal conductivity of PCM. In addition, we review three specific approaches to improve PCM from a macroscopic perspective: addition of nanoparticles, embedded foam structures, and addition of external fields. Finally, it is concluded that the specific approaches to improve the thermal conductivity of PCM all proceed to enhance the different thermal conductivity mechanisms of PCM, and future research directions to improve the thermal conductivity of PCM are proposed in response to this conclusion. 

Progress of research on phase change energy storage materials in their thermal conductivity

Emerging surface strategies for porous materials-based phase change composites

This study considers adding both the flat heat pipe (FHP) and phase change material (PCM) module to reinforce the lithium-ion battery thermal management (FHP-PCM-BTM) system, and it is compared with the system with only the FHP (FHP-assisted BTM system). Results show that the FHP-PCM-BTM system outperforms the FHP-assisted BTM system regardless of the discharge rate. It reduces the “cold start” behavior, which is harmful to the battery life. At the final of the discharging process with 3C, the maximum temperature of the FHP-assisted BTM system is 318.6 K, but it is 312.3 K of the FHP-PCM-BTM system. Meanwhile, the maximum temperature difference is reduced by 1.02 K. Throughout the cycling experiment, the maximum temperature of the FHP-PCM-BTM system is lower than 313.15 K, even with a discharge rate of 3C. The advantages of the FHP-PCM-BTM system are beneficial from the high thermal conductivity and large latent heat of the PCM module. This module, including copper boxes and PCM, plays a role of a giant heat sink to absorb sizeable heat from the battery pack, so the battery temperature is efficiently controlled. This study paves the way for achieving high-performance battery thermal management by simultaneously using heat pipe and PCM. • A BTM method with a flat heat pipe and PCM module was conducted. • The thermal performance of the battery pack was studied. • A numerical method was employed to intuitively analyze the heat transfer process. • The maximum temperature of the battery pack was efficiently controlled. 

Experimental and numerical investigations of lithium-ion battery thermal management using flat heat pipe and phase change material

Data-driven approach to predict the flow boiling heat transfer coefficient of liquid hydrogen aviation fuel

Visualized-experimental investigation on a mini-diameter loop thermosyphon with a wide range of filling ratios

Forced convection heat transfer: A comparison between open-cell metal foams and additive manufactured kelvin cells

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