From a pedagogical point of view, the memristor is defined in this tutorial as any 2-terminal device obeying a state-dependent Ohm’s law. This tutorial also shows that from an experimental point of view, the memristor can be defined as any 2-terminal device that exhibits the fingerprints of “pinched” hysteresis loops in the v–i plane. It also shows that memristors endowed with a continuum of equilibrium states can be used as non-volatile analog memories. This tutorial shows that memristors span a much broader vista of complex phenomena and potential applications in many fields, including neurobiology. In particular, this tutorial presents toy memristors that can mimic the classic habituation and LTP learning phenomena. It also shows that sodium and potassium ion-channel memristors are the key to generating the action potential in the Hodgkin-Huxley equations, and that they are the key to resolving several unresolved anomalies associated with the Hodgkin-Huxley equations. This tutorial ends with an amazing new result derived from the new principle of local activity, which uncovers a minuscule life-enabling Goldilocks zone, dubbed the edge of chaos, where complex phenomena, including creativity and intelligence, may emerge. From an information processing perspective, this tutorial shows that synapses are locally-passive memristors, and that neurons are made of locally-active memristors.

Memristor, Hodgkin-Huxley, and Edge of Chaos.

In this paper, the Switched Reluctance Motor (SRM) performance for electric vehicles applications has been enhanced by using Model Predictive Control (MPC). With the help of predictive control techniques, the SRM current and torque ripples can be reduced compared to tradition current control techniques. MPC provides a good characteristic for motor drives converters among other controllers, these characteristics may include fast response, accuracy, and suitability. MPC applied for SRM converter to remains the motor current tracked the reference current signal with the smallest values of current ripples by selecting the optimal switches state, consequently the motor torque ripples will be reduced. In this work, the nonlinear 6/4 SRM model is used in a simulation with symmetrical converter and the converter controller algorithm is achieved using C-code. The controller which proposed in this work is tested at different loading conditions and the obtained results confirm that the MPC can drive the SRM efficiently compared to other methods such as Hysteresis Current Control (HCC).

Enhancement Of the Switched Reluctance Motor Performance for Electric Vehicles Applications Using Predictive Current Control

Switched reluctance motor (SRM) is suitable for electric vehicle (EV) applications with the advantages of simple structure, good overload capability, and inherent fault-tolerance performance. The SRM dynamic simulation model is built based on torque, voltage, and flux linkage equations. The EV model is built on the basis of the analysis of forces acting on a vehicle. The entire speed range of the SRM drive is then divided into constant torque and constant power areas. The command torque of the motor drive system is given according to the accelerator pedal coefficient and motor operation areas. A novel adaptive variable angle control is proposed to avoid the switching chattering between the current chopping control and angle position control modes in SRM drives for EV applications. Finally, simulation analysis and experimental results are conducted to verify the accuracy of the proposed simulation model and control strategy.

/pdf/adaptive-variable-angle-control-in-switched-reluctance-motor-1i82wielgb.pdf

Adaptive Variable Angle Control in Switched Reluctance Motor Drives for Electric Vehicle Applications

In this paper, a fractional-order chaotic circuit with different coupled memristors is established. The dimensionality of the system is reduced by the flux-charge analysis method and the stability of the equilibrium points is analyzed by the fractional-order stability theory. Then, the complex dynamic behaviors, including periodic and chaotic attractors, period doubling bifurcation orbit, coexistence bifurcation, and asymmetric coexisting attractors, are studied by phase diagrams, bifurcation portraits, Lyapunov exponent spectra, and attractive basins. Moreover, the analog circuit of the fractional-order coupled system is constructed and the results validate the correctness of the theoretical analysis. Finally, a novel encryption scheme based on the fractional-order coupled memristive system combined with Josephus traversal and DNA operations is proposed. The simulation results show that this algorithm has a good effect.

Multiple coexisting analysis of a fractional-order coupled memristive system and its application in image encryption

Switched reluctance motor (SRM) is attracting the scientific community in recent days because of its special structural benefits. Good research work has been conducted on this machine since the ages. It has evolved as an alternative to the conventional electrical machines in variable speed drives due to rugged architecture, high-speed operation, four quadrants, lack of magnet, and adaptability to harsh surroundings. This paper reviews different topologies of SRM for electric vehicle (EV) application and a comparative study of suitable machines for electric vehicle propulsion. This paper elaborates on the design methodology and the analysis of various phases of operation of SRMs. During the design procedure, the finite element method (FEM) of optimization is used to enhance motor performance. In this study, the three different phase (3, 4 and 6) motors are analyzed in machine design software and finite element analysis outcomes and SRM simulation approach are discussed.

https://beei.org/index.php/EEI/article/download/3054/2193

Design and comparative analysis of three phase, four phase and six phase switched reluctance motor topologies for electrical vehicle propulsion

Switched reluctance motor (SRM) has the features of large starting torque, wide speed range and high reliability, which are appropriate for electric vehicles (EVs). A three-phase 12/8 pole SRM is designed for EVs application. The dynamic simulation model of SRM is built in Matlab/Simulink based on the flux linkage and torque characteristics. The EV simulation model is built combining SRM dynamic simulation model with vehicle dynamics equations by the forward simulation algorithm. Fix angle current chopping control (FA-CCC) is adopted in constant torque area, and adaptive variable angle current chopping control (AVA-CCC) is proposed in constant power area to widen the constant power speed range. Simulation analysis and experiment test results have been presented to demonstrate the performance of the proposed control strategies.

Design and control of switched reluctance motor drive for electric vehicles

The main purpose of this paper is to explore the spontaneous synchronization of two Chua's circuits based on coupled memristors with cubic nonlinearity. An analog circuit is designed to simulate the magnetic flux controlled memristor with coupling effects and then applied to implement the coupled Chua's circuit. Simulation is carried out to numerically exhibit the strange attractors and spontaneous synchronization caused by increasing the coupling strength.

Spontaneous synchronization of two Chua's circuits based on coupled memristors

Based on the application of Switched Reluctance Motor, select asymmetrical half bridge topology structure, selection of four parallel MOSFETs as power switching devices to construct a low cost power converter. The main hardware parameters which may cause the uneven flow are studied. Further through the software optimization control, the current sharing results are corrected. That in turns chopper control mode MOSFETs current sharing result is the best. In this paper, the design idea of the power converter with hardware layout current sharing and software control frequency sharing is proposed, which can meet the requirements of the design of the power converter.

Research on parallel switching device current sharing of Switched Reluctance Motor

High voltage gain DC-DC converters as used in photovoltaic, fuel cells and other low-voltage distributed generation system have played a significant role in the large-scale promotion of new energy generation. A high step-up integrated DC-DC converter based on one active switch is proposed in this paper by making use of advantages of the quadratic Boost converter (QBC) and the voltage multiplying modular (VMM). Firstly, VMM was embedded into QBC, and this two modules share the same input DC source and the active switch. And then the output terminals of these two modules were connected in series sharing the same output diode and filter capacitor. The above combination constitutes the newly proposed integrated converter. One attractive performance of this converter is the gain can be not only controlled by the duty ratio but also the turn ratio of the coupled inductor in VMM. In addition, the low voltage stress across the switch can be achieved since the switch is not directly clamped at the high output voltage, which is conducive for optimizing the energy transmission efficiency. The zero input current ripples can be achieved by reasonably configuring the values of the fully coupled inductor as well as the auxiliary inductor. The operation principles and the steady state performances of the proposed converter are verified by the experimental prototype.

A single switch based integrated DC-DC converter with high step-up gain

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Papers

Design and control of switched reluctance motor drive for electric vehicles

Spontaneous synchronization of two Chua's circuits based on coupled memristors

Research on parallel switching device current sharing of Switched Reluctance Motor

A single switch based integrated DC-DC converter with high step-up gain