The estimated prevalence of iron deficiency in the world suggests that there should be widespread negative consequences of this nutrient deficiency in both developed and developing countries. In considering the reality of these estimates, the Belmont Conference seeks to reconsider the accepted relationships of iron status to physiological, biochemical and neurological outcomes. This review focuses on the biological processes that we believe are the basis for alterations in the immune system, neural systems, and energy metabolism and exercise. The strength of evidence is considered in each of the domains and the large gaps in knowledge of basic biology or iron-dependent processes are identified. Iron is both an essential nutrient and a potential toxicant to cells; it requires a highly sophisticated and complex set of regulatory approaches to meet the demands of cells as well as prevent excess accumulation. It is hoped that this review of the more basic aspects of the biology of iron will set the stage for subsequent in-depth reviews of the relationship of iron to morbidity, mortality and functioning of iron-deficient individuals and populations. J. Nutr. 131: 568S-580S, 2001.

Iron biology in immune function, muscle metabolism and neuronal functioning. Discussion

Fluorescent Labeling of Proteins of Interest in Live Cells: Beyond Fluorescent Proteins

Aggregation of the central aromatic ring system of asphaltene molecules due to π–π interaction can lead to the formation of carbon quantum dots (CQDs). However, to date, such a roadmap has not been demonstrated. Here, we present a simple approach to the synthesis of CQDs by direct carbonization of dispersed carbonaceous microcrystals in mesophase pitch. The size of the as-prepared CQDs is modulated by adjusting the nucleation temperature for mesophase formation. Due to the oxygen-free character, the CQDs exhibit excitation-independent fluorescent behavior with a quantum yield up to 87%. The CQDs were successfully applied to fluorescent detection of Fe3+ ions with good specificity and sensitivity. Our results not only provide a scalable production of CQDs at low cost, but also give valuable clues to understand the solidification of asphaltene at nanoscale.

Carbon quantum dots derived by direct carbonization of carbonaceous microcrystals in mesophase pitch

Advances and prospects on acid phosphatase biosensor.

Metal-free ovalbumin-derived N-S-co-doped nanoporous carbon materials as efficient electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction

Preparation of highly luminescent nitrogen and sulfur co-doped carbon nanoparticles for iron (III) ions detection and cell imaging

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Preparation of highly luminescent nitrogen and sulfur co-doped carbon nanoparticles for iron (III) ions detection and cell imaging