Clinical utility of computed tomography and magnetic resonance techniques for noninvasive coronary angiography

CPR - curved planar reformation

Traditional techniques for visualizing anatomical structures are based on planar cross-sections from volume images, such as images obtained by computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However, planar cross-sections taken in the coordinate system of the 3D image often do not provide sufficient or qualitative enough diagnostic information, because planar cross-sections cannot follow curved anatomical structures (e.g. arteries, colon, spine, etc). Therefore, not all of the important details can be shown simultaneously in any planar cross-section. To overcome this problem, reformatted images in the coordinate system of the inspected structure must be created. This operation is usually referred to as curved planar reformation (CPR). In this paper we propose an automated method for CPR of 3D spine images, which is based on the image transformation from the standard image-based to a novel spine-based coordinate system. The axes of the proposed spine-based coordinate system are determined on the curve that represents the vertebral column, and the rotation of the vertebrae around the spine curve, both of which are described by polynomial models. The optimal polynomial parameters are obtained in an image analysis based optimization framework. The proposed method was qualitatively and quantitatively evaluated on five CT spine images. The method performed well on both normal and pathological cases and was consistent with manually obtained ground truth data. The proposed spine-based CPR benefits from reduced structural complexity in favour of improved feature perception of the spine. The reformatted images are diagnostically valuable and enable easier navigation, manipulation and orientation in 3D space. Moreover, reformatted images may prove useful for segmentation and other image analysis tasks.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0031-9155/50/19/007/pdf

Automated curved planar reformation of 3D spine images

Optimal ECG Trigger Point in Electron-Beam CT Studies: Three Methods for Minimizing Motion Artifacts

The present invention describes a method for rendering and displaying a curved planar reformat (CPR) view (7') of a blood vessel's 3D tubular structure (1), wherein the viewing direction of the curved planar reformat view (7') is coupled to the viewing angle on a segmented or raw representation of the 3D tubular structure's ren- dered voxel volume to be visualized or, alternatively, to the C-arm geometry of a 3D rotational angiography device's C-arm system (6). The proposed method thus enables measurements on the X-ray image which do not suffer from spatial foreshortening and do not need to be calibrated. Thereby, said coupling can be performed bidirectional. According to a first aspect of the proposed method, this means that the viewing direction of the aforementioned curved planar reformat view (7') follows the viewing angle on a segmented or raw representation of the 3D tubular structure's rendered voxel volume to be visualized, or vice versa. According to another aspect of the proposed method, this means that the viewing direction of the curved planar reformat view (7') is set depending on the C-arm geometry given by the roll (tx ), pitch (t y ) and yaw angle (tz ) of a 3D rotational angiography device's C-arm system (6), or vice versa.

Coupling the viewing direction of a blood vessel's cpr view with the viewing angle on this 3d tubular structure's rendered voxel volume and/or with the c-arm geometry of a 3d rotational angiography device's c-arm system

Medial Axis Reformation

Electron-beam CT angiography with three-dimensional reconstruction in the evaluation of coronary artery bypass grafts.

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Medial Axis Reformation

Electron-beam CT angiography with three-dimensional reconstruction in the evaluation of coronary artery bypass grafts.