This study aims to test the nature of the assumption that there are relationships between scientific epistemological views (SEVs) and reasoning processes in socioscientific decision making. A mixed methodology that combines both qualitative and quantitative approaches of data collection and analysis was adopted not only to verify the assumption but also to explore the patterns of interaction between the two constructs. A total of 177 college students (60% science and 40% non-science majors) completed a SEVs survey and a decision-making instrument. The decision-making instrument contains expository text introducing the environmental management issue of an invasive species, and a series of open-ended questions to elicit participants' reasons and judgments on the issue. Analyses revealed that tentativeness and creativity of SEVs are the significant components directly manifested in the socioscientific decision-making process. Students who held changing and tentative beliefs about scientific knowledge were more likely to recognize the complexity, take multiple perspectives, and question omniscient authority in the decision-making process. It was also found that over one-half of the college students, especially those who were science majors, make decisions based on a single disciplinary perspective. The findings suggest that educational programs should encourage students to actively participate in issue investigation and decision making by utilizing multiple reasoning modes and interdisciplinary thinking. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Sci Ed95: 497–517, 2011

College students' scientific epistemological views and thinking patterns in socioscientific decision making

Mikania micrantha is one of the top 100 worst invasive species that can cause serious damage to natural ecosystems and substantial economic losses. Here, we present its 1.79 Gb chromosome-scale reference genome. Half of the genome is composed of long terminal repeat retrotransposons, 80% of which have been derived from a significant expansion in the past one million years. We identify a whole genome duplication event and recent segmental duplications, which may be responsible for its rapid environmental adaptation. Additionally, we show that M. micrantha achieves higher photosynthetic capacity by CO2 absorption at night to supplement the carbon fixation during the day, as well as enhanced stem photosynthesis efficiency. Furthermore, the metabolites of M. micrantha can increase the availability of nitrogen by enriching the microbes that participate in nitrogen cycling pathways. These findings collectively provide insights into the rapid growth and invasive adaptation. Mikania micrantha is an extremely fast-growing invasive plant species that can cause serious damage to natural ecosystems. Here, the authors assemble its chromosome-scale reference genome and explore possible mechanisms that contribute to its rapid growth.

/pdf/mikania-micrantha-genome-provides-insights-into-the-15e9v2ulmk.pdf

Mikania micrantha genome provides insights into the molecular mechanism of rapid growth.

The suitability of a target weed for classical biological control should be considered early in the process of plant invasion. Concerns have been raised about the recent arrival of Mikania micrantha Kunth in south Florida and its potential to spread and invade natural and managed ecosystems. This weed is native to the neotropics, and has been introduced into many Asian countries and, more recently, into Australia. In Asia, M. micrantha is particularly problematic in plantation crops, but also threatens natural areas and disturbed ecosystems. Several aspects of the biology and ecology of M. micrantha are discussed in this review to evaluate its suitability as a target of biological control in Florida. Based on an ecological niche model, the climate in southern and central Florida is highly favorable for the invasion of this weed. Previous biological control programs provide valuable information for Florida scientists about the availability of natural enemies and potential areas for future foreign ...

https://bioone.org/journals/invasive-plant-science-and-management/volume-4/issue-1/IPSM-D-10-00040.1/Suitability-of-a-New-Plant-Invader-as-a-Target-for/10.1614/IPSM-D-10-00040.1.pdf

Suitability of a New Plant Invader as a Target for Biological Control in Florida

Most of the studies on invasive species are disproportionately focused on their ecological effects and more investigations are needed to understand the effects of invasive plants on rural livelihoods. This study assesses the effects of the invasion of Mikania micrantha—an invasive vine—on the livelihoods of the buffer zone community forest users of Chitwan National Park, Nepal. In this study, the invasive plants are categorized based on their life-form (woody and non-woody) and mode of introduction (accidental or deliberate). The focus is on accidentally transported non-woody species. A household survey revealed that the invasion disproportionately affects the livelihoods of forest-dependent households. In addition, the livelihood effects of invasive plants are particularly determined by the suitability of the invasive plants to produce locally important forest products.

Understanding the Effects of the Invasive Plants on Rural Forest-dependent Communities

Invasive alien species Mikania micrantha, which originated from Central and South America, has spread quickly and become one of the most seriously invasive weedy species in Yunnan Province, Southwest of China. The harmful effects of this plant on major cash crops and local plant communities have been surveyed in 50 townships of 6 counties of Yunnan Province since 2006. Moreover, bioactivity and selectivity of 20 types of herbicides on M. micrantha and farming crops have been tested and analyzed since 2007. The results showed that M. micrantha is mostly distributed in subtropical and tropical areas of Yunnan, such as Lincang District, Baoshan District and Dehong Prefecture. The species has resulted in a series of negative impacts on farming cash crops and local plant communities. Compared with the control effects of 20 soil and foliar-applied herbicides, soil-applied herbicides Atrazine, Bensulfuron methyl and Prometryne have higher bioactivity and selectivity to M. micrantha germination and seedling. Foliar-applied herbicides Sulfometuron methyl, Starane and Glyphosate have better control efficiency on M. micrantha growth, but the security is low. As a result, it recommends that Atrazine should be used for sugarcane, orchard and rubber land, Glyphosate for non farming land and rubber land, Sulfometuron methyl for forest land, and 2, 4-D for maize land, respectively.

	Key words: Mikania micrantha, crop yield loss, plant community, chemical control, Yunnan Province.

/pdf/harmful-effects-and-chemical-control-study-of-mikania-4oqjczbyh8.pdf

Harmful effects and chemical control study of Mikania micrantha H.B.K in Yunnan, Southwest China

Using a consecutive-cutting method and allelopathy to control the invasive vine, Mikania micrantha H.B.K.

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Using a consecutive-cutting method and allelopathy to control the invasive vine, Mikania micrantha H.B.K.